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Flashcards

Test 1 Chapters 1-5

oroazulez English 144 cards

Cards in this deck (144)

  1. 1What were the names of Eastern Woodland peoples circa 1490s?Algonquian, Iroquoian, and Muskogean
  2. 2Which of the 3 groups of Eastern Woodland peoples only halfway successful in agriculture?Algonquian due to the weather of some of their locations up north
  3. 3Which Eastern Woodland tribe were successful in agriculture, made homes, had matrilineal descent, and a League of 5 confederation?Iroquoian
  4. 4Which of the 3 Eastern Woodland tribes were descendants of Mississippian culture and who built temple mounds?Muskogean
  5. 5In 1300, Southwestern cultures were attacked by?Athapascans (Apache and Navajo) for agricultural goods
  6. 6What was the largest Native American Trading Center called?The Dalles (bordered WA and OR)
  7. 7Where was the majority of food for the Native Americans obtained?hunting/gathering and agriculture
  8. 8How did the Native Americans manipulate their environment to meet their needs?burned forest to make land to plant etc.
  9. 9What method did the Native Americans use to hunt?fire
  10. 10The majority of people in the Western hemisphere in the 1490s inhabited?Mesoamerica and South America
  11. 11The Mexica began their rise to prominence in?1325
  12. 12The Mexica were a culture based on?war
  13. 13Why did the Mexica perform human sacrifice?they believed that it fed the sun's craving for blood
  14. 14In 1492, the population of the New World was?about the same as the population in Europe
  15. 15The empire of Mexica had its origins in 1325, when Mexicans settled near Lake Texcoco and worked as?mercenaries for other tribes
  16. 16By 1430, the Mexica were asserting dominance over?their former allies and built their own empire
  17. 17Columbus wanted to sail westbound via the Atlantic to?China and Japan
  18. 18Columbus' desire to sail was after long embraced by Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand but was initially rejected by?king of Portugual
  19. 19When did the Bubonic Plague kill 1/3 of the European population?Mid-14th century
  20. 20From the 12th to 15th centuries, exotic and luxurious goods traveled overland from?Persia, Asia Minor, India, and Africa via Mediterranean trade routes
  21. 21From the 12th century to the 15th century, Mediterranean trade was dominated by?cities in Italy
  22. 22In 1415, Portugal and Spain cooperated in the Reconquest which was?drive to expel the Muslims from the Iberian Peninsula
  23. 23Who were the first Europeans to use maritime technology to sail outside the limits of the known world?The Portuguese
  24. 24Who was Prince Henry the Navigator?1415 until his death in 1460, he used sailing techniques and pushed for expeditions to Africa to obtain gold as well as supported crusades against Muslims
  25. 25What is a caravel?Portuguese developed sturdy ship for long periods at sea and able to withstand battering waves
  26. 26Portuguese sought peaceful trade with Africa because?The result proved more beneficial
  27. 27In 1488, which Portuguese sailor sailed to the southern tip of Africa appearing a possibility to reach India and China?Bartolomeu Dias (which was the result from the desire for Portuguese explorers eager to bypass the Mediterranean merchants)
  28. 28In 1498, who commanded the first Portuguese fleet to India?Vasco da Gama (which resulted in great success)
  29. 29How did Columbus develop sailing techniques?through marriage, his wife's father had been raised in the household of Prince Henry the Navigator
  30. 30In 1492, Columbus set sail westbound and discovered a Caribbean Island which he claimed and renamed for Isabella and Ferdinand and called it?San Salvador
  31. 31What did the islanders which inhabited Columbus' discovery call themselves?Tainos (good/noble) (he called them Indians thinking they were inhabitants of the East Indies near Japan or China and was surprised they were poor)
  32. 32Columbus sailed back to Spain and brought?7 Tainos who were received by Isabella and Ferdinand
  33. 33What was the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494?an agreement between Portugal and Spain which declared their recent discoveries to being their claimed territories
  34. 34Why did Isabella and Ferdinand resend Columbus in 1493 with more ships and men?to find Asian mainland to bring back riches
  35. 35What did Columbus find when he returned to the Caribbean Islands?he found all his 39 sailors killed by the Tainos because they had raped their women
  36. 36In 1497, who did King Henry VII send to look for a Northwest passage to the Indies?John Cabot, who reached Newfoundland
  37. 37In 1499, who landed on the northern coast of South America?the Spanish expedition with Amerigo Vespucci
  38. 38In 1507 Martin Waldseemuler, a German cartographer, published the first map that showed?the New World separate from Asia and the land was named America after Amerigo Vespucci
  39. 39In what year did Ferdinand Magellan lead an expedition to circumnavigate the globe which was sponsored by King Charles I of Spain?1519
  40. 40What did Magellan reach upon his circumnavigation?the New World, around the southern tip of South America, and into the Pacific by late 1520
  41. 41What was the Columbian Exchange?a transatlantic trade of goods, people, and ideas that began when Columbus arrived in the Caribbean
  42. 42Spaniards brought many goods to the New World but also brought many diseases which killed a majority of Indians during?the 16th century
  43. 43During this time, Spaniards brought back goods to Europe which included?tobacco but no riches which they had sought
  44. 44Among other things, Columbus and his sailors had brought what back to Europe?syphillis
  45. 45In the 16th century, the New World helped Spain?become the most powerful monarchy
  46. 46In 1519, what did Hernan Cortes do?he marched into Mexico
  47. 47By 1545, Spanish conquests extended from?from northern Mexico to Southern Chile which yielded filled Spanish treasure chests
  48. 48In 1607, Captain John Smith was captured by Powhatan's warriors of Algonquian decent half a year after arriving at?Jamestown with the first English colonists
  49. 49By appearing to save John Smith, Pocahontas was probably acting out?Smith's new status as an adopted member of Powhatan's extended family
  50. 502 years later, Smith returned to England meanwhile the colonists were?at war with Powhatan which led to Pocahontas' capture, marriage to colonist John Rolfe, and sending to England
  51. 51What do John Rolfe and his son with Pocahontas do after her death in 1617?they move back to Virginia where Native Americans no longer dominate newcomers
  52. 52Unlike New Spain who used Native Americans for labor, colonists grew tobacco and exported most of it to?England
  53. 53In 1606, what motivated King James I to grant the Virginia Company millions of acres in North America?the desire to establish an English equivalent to New Spain's empire
  54. 54The 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas stated?Spain claimed all of North America
  55. 55In 1607, what happened with colonists who arrived in Chesapeake Bay upon meeting Algonquian Indians?the Algonquian Indians attacked a few men thus they built a fort in the settlement they named Jamestown
  56. 56How did the colonists survive among diseases and starvation?Powhatan brought corn into the colony for barter which kept 38 of the original settlers alive
  57. 57In 1608, 120 immigrants arrived and the Virginia Company had promised greatness but by 1610, only 60 of the how many were alive?only 60 settlers of the 500 were alive
  58. 58What was the nature of the relationship between Powhatan and the colonists?Despite a mutual distrust and small war fares, they coexisted with trade and the colonists were preserved to serve as allies against other tribes
  59. 59Why was starvation inevitable for more than a decade?Disease disabled settlers the ability to work and few farmers had come to Virginia and were ignorant providers
  60. 60What happened in 1622?Opechanough organized an attack on colonists which killed 1/3 of their population
  61. 61Investigators felt the failure of the colonists in Virginia was due to?due to disease and mismanagement more so than the Indian raid
  62. 62What did King James do in 1624?revoked the charter of the Virginia Company and made Virginia a royal colony
  63. 63How were laws affected with Virginia being changed into a royal colony?laws passed by the House of Burgesses (an assembly of representatives elected by inhabitants of Virginia) needed England's approval
  64. 64What attracted more English to become indentured servants in Virginia?the demand for tobacco proved to live cheaper in Virginia and greater profit
  65. 65What is a headright?in the mid-17th century, new settlers who paid their way to Chesapeake Bay received a grant of 50 acres of free land
  66. 66What percent of immigrants who fled to Chesapeake Bay were indentured servants?80% during the 17th century
  67. 67Only a small number of slaves labored in Chesapeake tobacco fields until?1670s
  68. 68Although most Africans who lived in Chesapeake Bay were slaves, some became?indentured servants and after their service became free men and lived with similar privileges as white men
  69. 69How else did planters profit from having indentured servants?they received 50 acres of land from the colonial government for every newly purchased servant
  70. 70Women servants were prohibited from?marrying until their servitude expired
  71. 71How did indentured servants receive additional servant time?some were sold before their indentures expired and after 1650, more years were added to the indentures of most servants, punishment for petty crimes
  72. 72Until 1680s and 1690s, the use of indentured servants was greater than slaves because?slaves were expensive and hard to come by
  73. 73In 17th century Virginia, religion was not a focus above tobacco plantation but?Sunday service attendance and conformity to the doctrines of the Church of England were required
  74. 74In the first half of the 17th century was the era of?the yeoman--a farmer who owned a small plot of land sufficient to support a family with the use of servants
  75. 75Why did Chesapeake colonial society become increasingly polarized between 1650 and 1670?1)ample supply of tobacco decreased prices in Europe
    2)cheap tobacco reduced planters profits
    3)freed servants had difficulty becoming landowners along with a decrease in mortality
    4)decrease in mortality encouraged the formation of the planter elite
  76. 76In 1670 Chesapeake, the House of Burgesses outlawed?poor men the right to vote-- which
    allowed only men who headed households who were landowners
  77. 77What did the Navigation Acts of 1650 Chesapeake entail?colonial goods had to be transported in English ships with English crew
  78. 78Mercantilism was used to?regulate colonial commerce and manufacturing for England's profit
  79. 79The Navigation Acts reflected the English government's mercantilist assumptions about the colonies which was?What was good for England should determine colonial policy
  80. 80The law assessed an import tax on colonial tobacco brought into England which?was about the price a Chesapeake farmer received
  81. 81In 1676, Bacon's Rebellion erupted as a dispute over?Virginia's Indian policy
  82. 82What happened in Virginia in 1644?Opechancanough attacked a second time which resulted in the death of 500 colonists (he was soon killed)
  83. 83In the 1660s and 1670s, the number of freed servants began to multiply thus steadily settled on land which caused?violence between the Indians and settlers
  84. 84What was Bacon's beef?he felt that the colonial government reserving land for Indians as well as grandees (elite planters) operated the government for private gain
  85. 85In the 1660s, officeholders had profited enough to buy?slaves who replaced their servants
  86. 86Bacon declared war on?Governor Berkeley and other grandees (elite planters); Bacon fought the Indians, ruined the grandee's plantations, and attacked Jamestown
  87. 87What was the result of Bacon's rebellion?replacement of Gov. Berkeley with royal officials which instituted an export tax on every hogshead of tobacco to pay the govt. expenses
  88. 88In 1700 Indentured servants were diminishing as well as status quo among colonists because?the slave labor system sided whites against blacks
  89. 89During the 1670s, settlers from Barbados brought slavery to the new English mainland colony of?colony of Carolina
  90. 90Who exerted a powerful influence on the development of slavery in the mainland colonies?the West Indies
    (sugar and slavery)
  91. 91The early settlers of what became South Carolina were immigrants from?Barbados
  92. 92In 1663, Barbadian planter John Colleton and others obtained a charter from England's King Charles II for?to establish a colony south of the Chesapeake and north of the Spanish territories in Florida
  93. 93In 1670, proprietors established the first permanent English settlement in Carolina named?Charleston
  94. 94Both economically and socially, 17th century Carolina was a frontier outpost of?the West Indian sugar economy
  95. 95Although slaves were more expensive than indentured servants, slaves were preferred because?they were forever slaves, their mortality rate declined, they were controlled politically, and children of slave women became slaves and indentured servants would not create uproar with discontentment
  96. 96Why did Roger Williams who arrived in Massachusetts in 1631, refuse John Winthrop's invitation to become the Boston Church minister?because the church had not openly rejected the corrupt Church of England
  97. 97Williams desired to help?the Narrangansett Indians; he saw them as humans and did not try to convert them
  98. 98In 1633 Williams became a minister of?Church of Salem
  99. 99How did the Puritans disagree with Williams?they believed that churches and government should enforce godly belief and behavior according to the Bible
  100. 100What was the motive for Puritans wanting to leave England?to escape persecution and they wanted to build a new, orderly, Puritan version of England
  101. 101With John Winthrop elected as governor, which year did the Puritans sail to Massachusetts?1630
  102. 102What allowed New England Puritans self-government?a royal charter from Charles I
  103. 103Why did Henry VIII who reigned until 1547, use the Protestant Reformation?to break away from Rome and take control of the English Church--English Reformation
  104. 104What did the Puritans believe?the Church of England needed to be purified by eliminating Catholicism from its practices and they wanted to have better control over religious life
  105. 105In 1553, Queen Mary and King Phillip of Spain brought back?Catholicism back and executed those who disagreed
  106. 106How did Pilgrims differentiate from the Puritans?Pilgrims were were separatists, in which they sought to withdraw from the Church of England (completely corrupt) whereas Puritans wanted to reform the church
  107. 107In 1608, the Pilgrims moved to Holland, but?they felt their children were influenced by evil
  108. 108In 1620, the Pilgrims boarded the Mayflower and elected who for governor?William Bradford
  109. 109Which Indians rescued the Pilgrims after a bitter deadly winter?Wampanoag Indians
  110. 110What was the first written framework of govt. in 1620?the Mayflower Compact
  111. 111How did the Pilgrims afford their journey to Plymouth?a joint-stock company in which English investors provided the capital and Separatists provided their labor
  112. 112Few of which two groups began colonization among the Puritans?Indians, due to an epidemic and indentured servants
  113. 113Where did the Puritans obtain their ideals?from John Calvin a protestant, that life should be governed by the Bible which held predestination
  114. 114How was government established in Massachusetts?stockholders of the Massachusetts Bay Company met as a General Court which determined laws of the company which in turn became the manner of governing the colony
  115. 115How did settlers establish a new town?they had to enter a covenant and petition the General Court for a land grant
  116. 116The court did not allow settlement to a granted town until?the Indians released their land rights who had grants
  117. 117What did Anne Hutchinson do in 1634?as a mid wife, she was found to be preaching salvation through faith vs. what Gov. Winthrop believed predestination
  118. 118In 1638, Anne Hutchinson was excommunicated because on trial she professed?prophecy
  119. 119What did minister Thomas Hooker propose?he believed everyone had the right to become church members regardless of conversion, which would allow them to vote
  120. 120What did the Puritan Revolution entail?In 1642, England had a civil war between King Charles I and Puritan led Parliament
  121. 121In 1649, what was the result of the Puritan Revolution?Oliver Cromwell had King Charles I executed and Puritanism dominated English govt.
  122. 122How did the Puritan Revolution affect New England?greatly halted immigration and certain goods
  123. 123In 1656, who began arriving in Massachusetts?Quakers began arriving in Massachusetts whose beliefs clashed with the Purtitans
  124. 124Who were the second largest immigrant group in the English colonies?Scots Scots/Irish
  125. 125Who was a colonization propagandist?Richard Hakluyt
  126. 126What was known as the exchange between the Old and New Worlds?Columbian Exchange
  127. 127A gateway to the New World?Bering Strait
  128. 128A forerunner of the modern corporation?joint-stock companies
  129. 129Who wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion?John Calvin
  130. 130A failed English colony?Roanoke
  131. 131Who was the first person to plant a colony?Sir Walter Raleigh
  132. 132The region along the Appalachian Mountains running from NY to Georgia?Backcountry
  133. 133Where were the Quakers encouraged to settle?In Pennsylvania led by William Penn
  134. 134In 1609, the Dutch East India Company dispatched Henry Hudson for?search for a Northwest passage to the Orient
  135. 135In 1664, New York was named which was formerly known as?New Netherland
  136. 136In 1701, where was the only single-house legislature of all the colonies?Pennsylvania
  137. 137What did the Navigation Acts involve?English control over imports and exports
  138. 138What was King Phillips war about?As New Englanders gradually took upon Indian land, this caused different tribes to come together and attack English settlers led by King Phillip who was actually an Indian so named by colonists
  139. 139In 1612, who changed the course of the Virginia colony’s development by planting tobacco seeds for the first time?John Rolfe
  140. 140Why did free families in the Chesapeake experience a rough frontier equality until about 1650?because the elite planters shared their profits with yeomen
  141. 141The treaty drawn up at the end of the war between Opechancanough and Virginia colonists decreed that Indians had to relinquish all claims to landalready settled by the English
  142. 142What was the most profitable part of the British New World empire in the seventeenth century?The Carribean
  143. 143Unlike Barbados, the Chesapeake colony had their slaves under surveillance becausethe number of slaves in Barbados outnumbered whites
  144. 144At the end of the 17th century, what was the prerequisite to vote in Massachusetts?land ownership instead of church membership; New England govt. had a tight hold which benefited the colonists from French and Indian enemies

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Flashcards on Test 1 Chapters 1-5, created by oroazulez on 22/09/2015.
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