Flashcards
Tute 1 Questions
Cards in this deck (29)
- 1what colour do positive lactose fermenting bacteria turn on a McAgar test?Red
- 2What component of McAgar plates favours the growth of gram negatives?Bile salts
- 3What does the T3SS do?injects proteins directly into host cells by punching a hole in the membrane and translocating the protein
- 4What do salmonella pathogenicity islands contain?they contain the genes that encode the T3SS and the virulence proteins that are secreted
- 5What colour does a gram stain cause gram positives to turn?purple
- 6what colour does a gram stain turn gram negatives?pink
- 7What are the five types of bacteria shapes?Bacillus, vibrio, spirillo, spirochaete and coccus
- 8Give an example of a coccus shaped pathogen?Staph. aureus
- 9Givean example of a bacillus shaped pathogen?E.coli
- 10Give an example of a vibrio shaped pathogen?Vibrio cholerae
- 11what are virulence factors?what make bacteria effective at causing disease
- 12What type of bacteria especially rely on pili for adherence?Neisseria
- 13What two methods do gram positives have for adherence?LTA's that allow binding to all eukaryotic cells and protein F that binds to fibronectin (an extracellular matrix found on most host cells)
- 14What are the 3 components of LPS?1. A core polysaccharide
2. An O antigen (of varying length)
3. Lipid A (endotoxin) - 15Which TLR recognises LPS?TLR4
- 16What3 things does LPS recognition activate?The complement cascade (can lead to in flammatory damage)
The coagulation cascade (can lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation)
Cytokine release - 17how many cases of septic shock are caused by endotoxic gram negatives?70%
- 18What are the symptoms of septic shock?Fever, hypotension and sometimes multiple organ failure
- 19What two bacteria are anti-phagocytic capsules escpecially important for?Strep. pnemuniae
Neisseria meningitides - 20How is protein A used in immunoevasion?Used by some bacteria of the genus Staph. and binds to the Fc portion of Ab's to inhibit phagocytosis
- 21How has TA been associated with immunoevasion?The absence of TA's in Staph, aureus has been associated with a reduction in pathogenicity
- 22What are M proteins?antiphagocytic proteins expressed on some Strep. bacteria
- 23How can LPS allow immunoevasion?some O antigens are so long they can bind to host antibodies at such a distance from the bacteria that it escapes lysis
- 24Whatare K antigens?Found on some E.coli and prevent activation of complement by the alternative pathway
- 25How is the outer membrane of gram negatives involved in immunoevasion?forms a permeability barrier against agents like bile and antimicrobials
- 26Whattype of PGN do gram negatives and positives have?Positives - Lys
Negatives - DAP - 27What part of cell walls do lysozymes break down?beta 1,4 linkages in PGN
- 28What response do NOD receptors activate?release of cytokines by activation of NFkB
- 29What type of receptors detect PGN?NOD
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- Immunology and Microbiology Flashcards on Tute 1 Questions, created by jessica.neilan on 14/11/2013.
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