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Description
| Question | Answer |
| objective of experiment 3: taxonomy and nomenclature | - to allow students to understand how species are named and classified - use species identification as a measure of biodiversity |
| taxonomy | the science of naming and classifying living organisms into groups, or taxa (singular=taxon), bases on similarities or differences. |
| thorax | part of the body between the neck and the abdomen |
| isopod | crustacean of the order isopoda, such as a wood louse |
| arachnid | arthropod of the class arachnida, such as a spider or scorpion |
| taxon | a taxonomic group, such as family, genus or species |
| 3 approaches to classifying organisms | classical, phenetics, cladistic |
| the classical approach | - focuses on the relative importance of characteristics (eg. wing structure being most important factor in classifying 3 different organisms) |
| the phenetics approach | - uses quantitative methods, and only considers the observable characteristics of modern (ie. living) organisms - a set of characteristics are analyzed and assigned a numerical value that is then used to determine the extent of similarity between organisms |
| the cladistic approach | - classifies organisms using natural evolutionary relationships (i.e., phylogenetic relationships) - the taxonomist uses the fossil record, molecular genetics and other techniques to create what is called a cladogram or phylogenetic tree |
| 7 steps of classification | kingdom phylum class order family genus species |
| human classification | kingdom: animalia phylum: chordata class: mammalia order: primates family: hominidae genus: homo species: sapiens |
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