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| Question | Answer |
| interest group | organization that seeks to achieve goals by influencing government decision making |
| social capital | the many ways in which our lives are improved by social connections |
| pluralist theory | a theory that holds that policy making is a competition among diverse interest groups that ensure the representation of individual interests |
| elite theory | a theory that holds that a group of wealthy, educated individuals wields most political power |
| political action committee (PAC) | entity whose specific goal is to raise and spend money to influence the outcome of elections |
| solidary incentive | motivation to join an interest group based on the companionship and the satisfaction derived from socializing with others that it offers |
| purposive incentive | motivation to join an interest group based on the belief in the group’s cause from an ideological or a moral standpoint |
| economic incentive | motivation to join an interest group because the group works for policies that will provide members with material benefits |
| umbrella organizations | interest groups that represent collective groups of industries or corporations |
| public employee unions | labor organizations comprising federal, state, and municipal workers, including police officers and teachers |
| collective goods | outcomes shared by the general public; also called public goods |
| free rider problem | the phenomenon of someone deriving benefit from others’ actions |
| rational choice theory | the idea that from an economic perspective it is not rational for people to participate in collective action when they can secure the collective good without participating |
| iron triangle | the interaction of mutual interests among members of Congress, executive agencies, and organized interests during policy making |
| climate control | the practice of using public outreach to build favorable public opinion of an organization |
| electioneering | working to influence the elections of candidates who support the organization’s issues |
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