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Description
Flashcards by Michael Riben, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Michael Riben
over 1 year ago
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| Question | Answer |
| what is the definition of workflow? | flow of work through space and time |
| What is the procedural act of workflow? | procedural acts of a working system and focuses on the temporal properties |
| Describe a multi-level perspective for workflow? | Cognitive workflow, Individual Workflow, Organizaitonal Workflow, and Inter-organizaitonal workflow |
| Describe Unertl's workflow model? | composed of 2 levels of workflow- Pervasive and Specific workflow |
| What are pervasive workflow components? | 1) Context 2) temporal 3) Aggregate (Actors and actions) |
| What the specific workflow components? | 1) people who perform the actions 2)Physical and virtual tools 3) Details of the actions being performed 4)Descriptions of the actions and end products of the actions |
| What comprises the "workflow elements model"? | describes intended workflow vs perceived workflow and actual workflow |
| What did Malhotra's workflow model do? | Combines the routines of individuals and combines cognitive, individual and organizational workflows together uses "conceptual " zones - activity groups |
| What is Ozkaynak Model of Healthcare workflow based on? | Patient oriented |
| what are qualitative study designs for workflow research best suited for? | Generating hypotheses rather than testing them. |
| What are Observational study? | Systemic study of behavior and activities in context |
| What two methods of doing qualitative workflow analysis? | 1) Observation 2) Interviews |
| What are quantitative data alysis techniques good for workflow analysis? | establish statistical relationships btw process and outcome variables |
| What is a markov chain? | A Markov chain is a mathematical system that experiences transitions from one state to another according to certain probabilistic rules. |
| What is the simplest definition of a markov chain? | triplet (Q, A, π) Q = # of states A= matrix of transition probabilities π = Initial distribution of accounting for probabilities of being in one state at T=0 |
| What does Q, A, π equal fo healthcare application of markov chain? | Q= patient care events A= matrix of probabilities transitioning of transitioning from one of these patient care events to another π= probability of being in the initial care event |
| what are moarkov chains used for? | probabilistic modeling method used for temporal sequence analysis - in healthcare , it is good for model work flow patterns quantitatively |
| What do Pattern Mining studies do? | assume several possible patterns are hidden in EHR data in an extensive amount of time -stamped data- Mining finds the patterns |
| What is Discrete Event Simulation? | imitates real world ordered sequence of events operations of a system over time using queuing theory - inputs are statistical distributions for the behaviors of the system elements - i.e. arrival data, |
| what do oval's represent in a process map ? | The start or end of the workflow |
| What do arrows represent in a process map? | Relationships btw shapes (steps) |
| What do parallelograms represent in a process map diagram? | Inputs or outputs |
| What do rectangles represent in a process map diagram ? | A process |
| What do diamonds represent in a process diagram? | Decisions |
| What do Rounded Rectangles represent in a process diagram | Delays or Bottlenecks |
| What is a data flow diagram? | graphical representation of the flow of data through a system |
| T/F - Data flow diagrams show when and in what sequence data is exchanged | False - Only includes what data is exchanged, not when and in what sequence it is exchanged |
| what does a square in a data flow diagram represent? | external entity, which either a source or destination of data |
| what does a rounded rectangle represent in a data flow diagram ? | processes |
| what does an arrow represent in a data flow diagram ? | data flow which could be elector data or physical item |
| What does an open-ended rectangle represent? | data store including a electronic store |
| what does a line between steps in a data flow mean? | a data flow line between steps indicates that the receiving step uses the data produced by the originating step |
| What do Spaghetti diagrams show? | visually illustrates the work unit running through a process including the flow sequence of the information |
| what do spaghetti diagrams document? | the functional dependencies and responsibilities for each step in a process |
| what are spaghetti diagrams good for? | determines efficiency of space and makes it easy to visualize wasted motion |
| What are the purpose of Swim lane diagrams? | visualize complete process from start to end by showing what is done, by who, in what sequence and dependencies and time - |
| What 3 types of workflow can be depicted with a swim lane diagram? | 1) sequential - simple order step workflow 2) Conditional - decisions involved to determine subsequent workflow 3) Parallel - 2 steps follows one step independent of each other |
| What does a circle represent in a Swim lane diagram? | Start or End points |
| What does an arrow represent in a swim-lane diagram ? | flow of the process |
| what does a "cylinder" represent in a swim-lane diagram? | Stored data |
| What does a rectangle represent in a swim-lane diagram? | A process |
| What does a diamond represent in a swim-lane diagram? | A decisionW |
| What are quantitative analytic methods for workflow best suited for? | Answering questions related to frequency of events/actions , amount of usage of technology, and workflow-related metrics |
| What are qualitative analytic methods for workflow best suited for? | finding underlying reasons for workflow choices, rational for usage or non-usage of technology , and the impact of technology on collaboration and teamwork |
| What 2 methods can accomplish process redesign? | 1) designing interventions 2) changing the building blocks of the process |
| NAme 3 Process redesign frameworks | 1) system engineering 2) sociotechnical principles for redesign 3) Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) |
| Name 3 common problems with System Redesign? | 1) solution doesn't address real cause of the process issue 2) scope of change is not significant enough to achieve the goals 3) redesign focused on tasks may not address the need to redesign roles and incentives or provide sufficient structural support |
| What is the most critical aspect for successful implementation of process redesign? | Leadership support |
| What is the definition of Quality in Healthcare? | degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with professional knowledge |
| What are the IOM six aspects to improve healthcare quality? | safety, effectiveness, patient-centered care, timeliness, efficiency, and equitability |
| What is the "deming cycle" | Plan-Do-Check-act or Plan-do-study-act PDCA or PDSA |
| What is the goal of Lean? | eliminate waste and increase flow /throughput |
| What is the goal of Six - Sigma? | Reduce variation and eliminate defects |
| What is the methods used for Lean? | A3 problem solving - 6 steps = define, understand, root cause, action development, implement, collect data |
| What is the method for six sigma? | DMAIC = define, measure, analyze, improve, control |
| What are the underlying principles for Lean | value stream mapping, reduce activities that hinder flow, pull work, seek perfection |
| What are the underlying principles for six sigma | CQI -continuous quality improvement , |
| What are some tools of LEan | Process maps, Spaghetti diagrams, 7 wastes , 5S organization, root cause analysis, fishbone diagrams, standard work definitions |
| What are some tools of Six-sigma? | similar to lean but more statistical and quantitative approaches i.e. Failure Mode Effects Analysis - FMEA |
| What is the infrastructure used for LEAN | Kaizen events, , lean management systems |
| What is the infrastructure for Six Sigma? | Dedicated Improvement teams with green and black belts trained to use methods to support project |
| Name 5 components of successful QI improvement projects? | Participation/Teamwork Leadership Data-drive/monitoring with dashboards Focusing on Value added activities Embracing continuous improvement |
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