3738394
Description
Flashcards by vellorewoods135, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by vellorewoods135
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Heredity | The Passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| Genetics | the branch of biology dealing with heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics |
| Gene | A segment of a DNA molecule that codes for a particular trait; Found at a specific location on a chormosome |
| Locus | The location of a gene on a chromosome |
| Polyploid | Having more than two sets of chromosomes; many plants are polyploids |
| Asexual Reproduction | The production of offspring from a single parent; the genetic makeup of the offspring is identical to that of the parent |
| Sexual Reproduction | The production of offspring from the fusion of two sex cells |
| Fragmentation | A method of asexual reproduction in which a piece or body fragment of the parent organism develops into a mature individual |
| Mitosis | The process by which a eukaryotic cell divides the genetic material in its nucleus |
| Interphase | The portion of the cell cycle between mitosis divisions when the genetic material (in the form of chromatin) is duplicated |
| Chromatin | The tangled strands of DNA and protein within a eukaryotic nucleus |
| Cytokinesis | the process in which a eukaryotic cell divides its cytoplasm into two new daughter cells |
| Cloning | The process of produciong |
| Sister Chromatid | The identical copy of a single chromosome that remains attached to the original chromosome at the centromere |
| Cytokinesis | The process in which a eukaryotic cell divides its cytoplasm into two new daughter cells |
| Cloning | The process of producing one individual that is genetically identical to another, using a single cell or tissue |
| Biotechnology | The use and modification of organisms for application in engineering, industry, and medicine |
| Genetically Modified Organism | An organism in which the genetic material has been altered using genetic engineered techniques |
| Gamete | A sex cell; includes sperm cells in males and egg cells in females |
| Fertilization | The formation of zygote by the joining together, or fusion, of two gametes |
| Zygote | A cell produced by the fusion of two gametes |
| Ova | female sex cells (eggs cells) |
| Meiosis | A two-stage cell division in which the resulting daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell; results in the formation of gametes or spores |
| Homologous Chromosomes | Matching pairs of chromosomes, similar in size and carrying information for the same genes |
| Tetrad | a pair of homologous chromosomes, each with two sister chromatids |
| Synapsis | The physical pairing up of homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis |
| Crossing over | The exchange of chromosome segments between homologous pairs during synapsis |
| Gametogenesis | The production of gametes (sex cells) in animals |
| Spermatogenesis | The production of mature sperm cells |
| Oogenesis | The production of mature egg cells |
| Karyotype | The chromosomes of an individual that have been sorted and arranged according to size and type |
| Sex Chromosomes | Chromosomes that differ in males and females of the same species; the combination of sex chromosomes determines the sex of the offspring |
| Autosomes | NOn-sex Chromosomes |
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