Flashcards

Quiz #1

Lucy Belknap Intro to World Art I English 78 cards

Cards in this deck (78)

1Bear in the "recess of the bears," Chauvet Cave, France, c. 32,000-30,000 BCE Earliest known location of cave paintings; from the Old Stone Age/Upper Paleolithic period (40,000-10,000 BCE)
2Bison, cave paintings; Altamira, Spain, c. 15,000-10,000 BCE First ever discovered cave paintings; found in 1879 by Don Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola and his daughter
3Lascaux, France cave paintings, c. 15,000 BCE; discovered in 1940 Greatest number of cave artworks in one location - over 600 paintings, 1500 engravings
4Chauvet, France (c. 32,000-30,000 BCE); discovered in 1994 Earliest known site of prehistoric cave paintings
5Horse, lions, mastodons, woolly rhinoceros; Chauvet, France (c. 32,000-30,000 BCE) Earliest known site of prehistoric cave paintings
6Pech-Merle cave; Dordogne, France; Spotted horses, c. 25,000-24,000 BCE; Hands, c. 15,000 BCE Cave paintings as palimpsests – works that were altered/added onto many years later; shows use of possible spit painting technique
7Hall of the Bulls, Lascaux Cave; Dordogne, France, c. 15,000-13,000 BCE
8Details of auerochs, horses, and deer from Hall of the Bulls, Lascaux cave; Dordogne, France, c. 15,000-13,000 BCE Huge paintings – largest bull approximately 3.5 meters in length
9Detail of a herd of bison, Altamira Cave; Spain, c. 15,000-11,000 BCE Demonstrates artist taking advantage of the natural shape of the stone and using it to depict the bodies of bison
10Two bison modeled from clay, Le Tuc d'Audoubert Cave; Ariege, France, c. 13,000 BCE Example of sculpture in caves - building with clay off of the natural shape of the rock
11Horse from Vogelherd Cave; Germany, c. 28,000 BCE; mammoth ivory Possibly intended to be a pendant
12Woman from Willendorf; Austria, c. 28,000-25,000 BCE; limestone Can be held in the palm of the hand; possibly a symbol for fertility rather than an accurate portrayal of a specific person – hard to tell whether it's specific, generic, or the ideal
13Woman from Brassempouy; France, c. 22,000 BCE; limestone
14Hybrid figure (terianthrope) with human body and feline head, sometimes known as the Lion Man; Hohenstein-Stadel, Germany, c. 30,000 BCE; mammoth ivory
15House made from mammoth bones; Mezhirich, Ukraine, c. 16,000-10,000 BCE Early architecture – seasonal huts which could be transported to different locations
16Çatal Hüjük; Anatolia (modern Turkey), c. 6,000 BCE Reconstruction of settlement and shrine with a painting of an animal hunt One of the first urban communities, with no streets between buildings
17Passage grave; Newgrange, Ireland; c. 3,000-2,500 BCE
18Menhir alignments; Carnac, Brittany, France, c. 4,250-3,750 BCE
19Stonehenge; Wiltshire, England, c. 3,000-2,100 BCE
20Before recorded history – no existing contemporary written records of the societies that created these works of art There is nothing "primitive" or "backward" about prehistoric artPrehistoric
21Specific origin date or range of datesAbsolute dates
22No specific date - only specifies whether one artifact is older or newer than anotherRelative dates
23Mesopotamian writing form that developed out of pictograms; written by pressing an arrow-shaped stylus into a clay tabletCuneiform
24A style/theory of representation based on the accurate depiction of details and subjects - realism; portraying life as it isNaturalism
25Images that accurately depict real scenes from natureOptical images
26Images that don't exactly copy the real version found in nature - combine many elements of the subject with an element of creativityComposite images
27Stories/messages/themes which are being portrayed in an artworkNarrative
28Idea that an animal's spirit is reflected in nature or human forms; belief that the spirit world can be contacted by humans, possibly through the process of cave paintingShamanism
29Only one color used; cave paintings may rely on variations in the color of the rockMonochrome
30Multiple colors used in a paintingPolychrome
31Large structures built out of stoneMegalithic architecture
32Megalithic tomb with one large flat stone laid across at least two upright stones – typically trilithic structure; found mostly in Britain and FranceDolmen
33Two stones are the posts, while the third stone laid across the top is the lintelPost-and-lintel construction
34Upright megalith that marks out horizontal space in distinct ways – ex. menhir alignments in Carnac could be a massive agricultural calendar or a cultic siteMenhir
35Structure with two vertical flat stones supporting a third stone laid across the topTrilithon
36Megaliths arranged in a circleCromlech
37Lower Paleolithic: 2,000,000-100,000 BCE Middle Paleolithic: 100,000-40,000 BCE Upper Paleolithic (Old Stone Age): 40,000-10,000 BCE Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age): 10,000-8,000 BCE Neolithic (New Stone Age): 8,000-2,000 BCEPrehistoric periods in Europe
38Sumer (including Uruk and Ur): 3,500-1,940 BCE Akkad: 2,335 BCE-2,100 BCE Assyria: fl. c. 912-612 BCE Babylon: fl. c. 1792-1670 BCE; fl. 612-320 BCEMain civilizations and dynasties within Fertile Crescent
39Babylonian deed of sale; c. 1,750 BCE; British Museum, London Example of cuneiform on clay tablet written with stylus for administrative purposes
40White Temple and ziggurat of Uruk (Warka) c. 3,300-3,000 BCE Uruk was the first city of the world from 3,300-3,000 BCE. The ziggurat had an indirect approach to the top as well as thick buttressed walls for decoration; the temple honored the sky god Anu.
41Uruk, White Temple - mosaic stone temple; c. 3,300-3,000 BCE Uruk was the first city of the world from 3,300-3,000 BCE.
42Great Ziggurat of King Urnammu, Ur (Muqaiyir); c. 2100 BCE Shrine of the city's patron deity, the moon god Nanna/Sin
43Details of the great frontal staircase of the Great Ziggurat of King Urnammu; c. 2100 BCE
44Warka Head, white limestone, c. 3,200-3,000 BCE The "Mona Lisa" of Mesopotamia; was either an architectural fixture or attached to a wooden frame. Large eyes typical of the time; served as an apotropaic device
45Sculptures from the Square Temple, Eshunna (Tell Asmar), found buried underneath a shrine alter; c. 2,900-2,600 BCE Faces of sculptures dominated by wide eyes with large pupils - served as an an apotropaic device
46Warka Vase/Uruk Vase, c. 3,300-3,000 BCE Displays a visual narrative - tells a story in three registers: bottom layer shows crops & livestock; middle layer shows men holding the resulting produce; top layer shows men making offerings to gods
47Bull lyres of Ur; wood with gold, silver, lapis lazuli, bitumen, and shell; c. 2,550-2,400 BCE Lyres displayed visual narrative as well; lyres would be played one last time at the funeral of an elite figure, then buried with their female musicians, who had been ritually sacrificed
48The 'Royal Standard' of UR, c. 2,600 BCE Centrality and hieratic scale demonstrate the superiority of the God in the top middle of the first panel Visual narrative in depicting the two roles of the king - one side portrays him as a warrior; the other portrays him as a priest
49Mesopotamian cylinder seals, invented c. 3,500 BCE Used to seal jars and secure storerooms; could be pressed into clay to imprint image Some were very simple while others were very elaborate
50Head of an Akkadian ruler, from Nineveh; c. 2,350-2,250 BCE Could represent Sargon or his grandson Naram-Sin, r. 2254, 2218 BCE Earliest work of hollow-cast copper sculpture known from the ancient Near East - rather than bronze Destroyed by acts of ritualized vandalism - cutting off ears and parts of beard, gouging out eyes
51Stele of Naram-Sin, showing Naram-Sin wearing a horned tiara; c. 2254-2218 BCE 6.5 feet tall; shows Naram-Sin in a scene of military triumph and depicts a loose narrative Naram-Sin wearing a horned crown only worn by gods - first Mesopotamian king to deify himself
52Stele of Hammurabi's Law Code; Old Babylon Period, c. 1760 BCE; diorite One of the earliest written bodies of law; written in Akkadian cuneiform; stele about 7 feet tall and shaped similarly to an index finger
53Nimrud: King Ashurnasirpal II meets the gods, 883-859 BCE Assyrian relief from the Northwest Palace of Nimrud; first large cycle of epic narrative reliefs of neo-Assyrian art Designed for an architectural context --? architectural sculpture
54Nimrud: the king hunts his enemies and expands his empire Assyrian relief from the Northwest Palace of Nimrud; depicts king as an absolute protagonist of military exploits
55Lamassu in the citadel and palace complex of Sargon II, Khorsabad, Iraq, c. 721-705 BCE Lamassu were Assyrian guardians often depicted around important ceremonial entrances.
56Niniveh: Ashurbanipal destroys the Elamites at the battle of Til-Tuba, 668-631 BCE Ashurbanipal was the last Neo-Assyrian king to successfully organize and unite the kingdom before it collapsed. The reliefs depict "glorious" narratives of violence and relentless persecution.
57Nineveh: the king hunts lions; c. 645 BCE Reliefs depicting a narrative of the ceremonial lion hunt - show lots of motion; multiple frames combined into one image
58Ishtar Gate, dedicated to Ishtar, goddess of love and war; c. 575 BCE 40 ft tall gateway crafted out of glazed brick with bright colors; used for ceremonial processions in Babylon
59Glazed brick relief of lion from the Processional Way, 575 BCE Leading to the Ishtar Gate in Babylon; lions are shown walking but still look very static
60Earliest known form of writing - pictorial symbols representing words or phrasesPictogram/pictograph
61Rectangular stepped tower resembling a mountain, often with a temple on top Based on Akkadian word "ziqqurat," which means "to build on a raised area"Ziggurat
62High temples built on ziggurats, low temples on the ground"High" vs. "low" temples
63Central, rectangular hall in a temple which housed a stepped altar; often confined a cult statue - stone head with wooden body Ex. in the White Temple of UrukCella
64Projecting support of stone or brick built against a wall Often used for decoration and appearance of strength rather than actual support in Sumerian zigguratsButtresses
65Bricks made from baked mud - not as permanent as limestoneMud brick
66Means of warding off evil Ex. big eyes in a statue/sculptureApotropaic device
67Storiy told through an artwork - either a single work or a progression of framesVisual narratives
68Different horizontal bands in a work of art which are clearly separatedRegisters
69Depicting a subject in the center of a work of art to demonstrate importance/superiorityCentrality
70Depicting someone as taller or bigger than other figures in an artwork to demonstrate importance/superiorityHieratic scale
71Standing slab of stone with relief which was often used for dedication, commemoration, or demarcationStele
72Artists' use of particular images to convey particular meanings Ex. depicting someone wearing a specific crown only worn by godsIconography
73Large stone placed upright to line the lower walls of a hall Ex. orthostats made out of gypsum for the Northwest Palace of Nimrud in AssyriaOrthostat
74Works of art/reliefs which are designed for an architectural context Ex. decorations for a wall like orthostatsArchitectural sculpture
75"Threshold guardians" for Assyria - mythical creatures which had the body of a bull with wings and a human head Often depicted around important ceremonial entrances to demarcate an important liminal zoneLamassu
76A sculpture that can be walked around in a complete circle - details on all sidesSculpture in the round
77Art made by engraving into stone - can be low relief (light engraving) or high relief (deep engraving)Relief
78Brick with a ceramic coating that makes it shine; often in bright colorsGlazed brick