3790758
Description
Flashcards by Natashia Reyes, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Natashia Reyes
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is Leukemia Age Group Most Affected | General term to describe Malignant disorders affecting blood and blood forming tissues of bone marrow, lymph, spleen & follows a progressive course. All age groups thought of as childhood disease but 10x more in adults |
| Cause of Leukemia | No single cause mostly begin as a single mutation in DNA of certain cells but most a combo of things. Like abnormal cells (oncogenes), chemical agents (benzene), chemo agents (alkylating) viruses, radiation, immunologic deficiencies have al |
| Who is at Most Risk for Leukemia What does the Viral Cause Assume | radiologists, persons living near nuclear bomb test sites or nuclear reactor accidents (Chernobyl) and those previously tx with radiation fo chemo -> it assumes adult T-cell leukemia is caused virally mostly in japan, caribbean, and central |
| Classifications of Leukemia | Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia |
| Acute Myelogenous Lukemia What is it Characterized By What are the Signs and Symptoms of AML | abrupt and dramatic patient may have serious infections and bleeding from onset. C- by uncontrolled proliferation of myeloblasts, precursor of granulocyte w/hyperplasia of bone marrow S/s sternal tenderness, gingival hyperplasia, mouth sore |
| Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (AML) What kind of cancer is this What is Characteristic of This Cancer What Signs and Symptoms may the Patient Present With What is Common With This | The most common one in children. Immature small lymphocytes proliferate in bone marrow most of B origin. S/S Majority have fever at time of dx. may appear abruptly with bleeding and fever or be insidious progressive weakness, fatigue, bone and/or joint pain, bleeding tendencies. CNS manifests.leukemic meningitis from arachnoid infiltration |
| Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) What is the Cause How Does It Progress | Excess dev of mature neoplastic granulocytes in bone marrow, excess then moves into peripheral blood infiltrating liver and spleen. Typically it has chronic stable phase to acute aggressive "BLASTIC" phase which is chronic lasting up to 7 years well controlled but eventually it'll be accelerted into Blastic Phase=more agress tx |
| What is the Genetic Link What is the Genetic Link Most Present With | Philadelphia chromosome orig frm Translocation btwn BCRgn on chrmsme 22 &ABL gn on chrmsm9. So the protein encdd on nwly crtd BCR-ABL on Philidelphia interferes with nrml cell cycls 90-95% of pts with CML NOT SPECIFIC to it also in ALL & AML |
| Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Who is it Most Common In What is it Characterized By What does it affect What cells are usually involved What does it infiltrate | Most common leukemia in adults prod. of functionally inactive long lived small mature appearing lymphocytes. ->B cells involved ->lymphoctes infiltrate bn mrrw, spleen, liver. |
| In CLL what is present throughout the body Complications of CLL | lymphadenopathy -> pressure on nerves frm lymph nodes cause pain and paralysis Mediastinal Node enlrgmnt=pulmonary symptoms. Early stages usually no tx others fllwd clsly |
| What Are Other Leukemias | When subtype is unidentifiable freqently dont respond to tx oor prognosis lymphoid, myeloid, mixed, hari cell and biphenotypic |
| CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS | Usually related to bone marrow failure caused by overcrowding of abnrml clls, inadeq prd of narmal marrow, pt predisposed to anemia, thrombocytopenia, and dec nuber and funct of WBCs |
| Apoptosis Chloromas Leukostasis | A-abn wbc accum bcs no nrml cell cycle (dth) thy may infiltrate pt organs, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy, bone pain, meningeal irritation, oral lesions C-solid masses form cllctns of leukemic cells L-WBC in peripheral bld abv=thck bld blocking life thrtnng |
| Diagnostics Primary Methods for Classifincations How do You Detect Cells Outside the Body In CML Philadelphia Chromosome; in ALL | Peripheral blood eval and bone marrow examination Then morphologic, histochemical, immunologic, cytogenic. Lumbar puncture & CT for cells outside the body Good prognostic, poor prognosis |
| Collaborative Care What is the Mainstay of Treatment Nonsymptomatic Cll | Goal remission. Age & Cytogenic analysis form basis of treatment decisions Cytotoxic Chemotherapy Watchful waiting active support |
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