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| Question | Answer |
| what is Homeostasis? | this is the regulation of the conditions inside your body (and cells) to maintain a stable environment in response to changes in both internal and external conditions |
| what are two examples of the automatic control systems? | Nervous and Hormonal communication systems |
| what are the three main components of all of the automatic control systems in your body? | the three main components of the automatic control systems work together to maintain a steady condition - cells called receptors, co-ordination centres (brain spinal cord and pancreas) and effectors. |
| what is the mechanism that the automatic control system uses to keep the internal environment stable? | Negative feedback |
| what's a stimulus? | a change is the environment |
| what does the receptor do when it detects a stimulus (temperature for example) level is too high? | the receptor detects the stimulus, and that level is too high, the coordination centre receives and processes the information and then organises a response. effector produces a response, which counteracts the change and restores the optimum level - the level deceases (the level would increase if the level was detected as too low) then the effectors will just carry on producing the response for as long as they're stimulated by the coordination centre. this might cause the opposite problem - making the level change too much (away from the ideal) - but the receptor detects if the level becomes too different and negative feedback starts again. |
| what is meant when a system is described as automatic? | it means the processes the system carries out happen unconsciously without you thinking about it |
| what the nervous system allow humans to do? | the nervous system enables humans to react to their surroundings (environment) and to co-ordinate their behaviour |
| what is the nervous system made up of? | the CNS and the peripheral nervous system – nerve cells that carry information to or from the CNS |
| what is the CNS made up of? | the spinal cord and the brain |
| what does the brain and spinal cord do in the CNS? | the brain receives information and makes a decision and then sends instructions. the spinal cord is made up of sensory and motor nerves and sends messages from the brain to the body |
| from which places with receptors does the cns receive information from? | position and sound receptors in the ear, light receptors in the eyes - touch, pressure, pain and temperature receptors in the skin - chemical receptors in the nose and tongue |
| what is a neurone? | a neurone is a specially designed cell to carry electrical impulses around the body. |
| how does the rapid adaptation of the neurone help us? | rapid impulses help us react quicker |
| how does the automatic adaptation of the neurone help us? | we don't need to think about i the impulses happen straight away no thinking is required |
| how does the elongated adaptation of the neurone help us? | they have a (elongated) long fibre (axon) so they can carry messages up and down the body over long distances |
| how does the electrical insulation adaptation of the neurone help us? | allows these axons to conduct electrical signals (electrical impulses) at a higher speed than if they were not insulated by myelin (sheath) |
| how does the branched endings adaptation of the neurone help us? | They help in the transmission of impulses. Branches of nerve cells help in the easy and efficient transmission of impulse signals. Long and branched nerve fibres increase surface area and thus help in effective transmission of signals |
| describe the human nervous systems structure and function? | stimulus (starts a reaction in the receptor) -> receptor (receives information from the stimulus which can be internal or external) -> sensory neurone (takes electrical impulses from the receptor to the CNS) -> CNS - Brain (impulses that require conscious thought), Spinal cord (takes electrical impulses from the sensory neurone via the relay neurone to the motor neuron - this is a reflex neurone) -> motor nuerone ( takws electrical impulse |
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