Flashcards
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Cards in this deck (33)
- 1Humans and plants have...Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria
- 2Plants also have...Rigid cell wall made of cellulose for support
chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis (absorb light energy to make food
permanent vacuole filled with sap - 3Bacteria have...cell wall and membrane surrounding cytoplasm
- 4Yeast cells have...nucleus, cytoplasm and a membrane surrounded by a cell wall
- 5Specialised cells...mitochondria=lots of energy(muscle cell)
ribosomes=lots of protein(gland cells which produce enzymes)
cells with tails are able to move
receptor cells have have special structures to detect stimuli
neutrons are specialised to carry impulses
root hair cells increase the surface area to absorb water and mineral ions efficiently - 6Diffusionspreading out of the particles of a gas or any substance in a solution
- 7net movementthe overall movement of...(depends on the particles on each side of the cell membrane)
- 8Concentration gradientThe difference in concentration between two areas
Larger the difference, faster the rate of diffusion - 9Tissuegroup of cells with similar structure and function
- 10Differentiatedifferent functions
- 11Animal tissues include...muscle tissue(contract to bring out movement)
glandular tissue(produce substances such as enzymes or hormones)
epithelial tissue(covers some parts of the body) - 12Plant tissues includeepidermal tissue(covers the plant)
mesophyll(can photosynthesise)
xylem and phloem(transport substances around the plant) - 13The digestive system in humans is adapted to exchange substances with the environment and includes...glands such as salivary and pancreas which produce digestive juices
stomach and small intestine where digestion occurs
liver which produces bile
small intestine where absorption of soluble food occurs
large intestine where water is absorbed from the undigested food producing faeces - 14Photosynthesis equation(+light energy)
CO2+H2O------->glucose+oxygen - 15Photosynthesis1.Co2 is taken in by the leaves and water from the roots
2. The chlorophyll in the chloroplasts traps the light energy
3. This energy is used to convert the co2 and water into glucose - 16Waste from photosynthesisOxygen is released as a by-product
Some of the glucose is converted into insoluble starch for storage - 17Iodine testVariegated leaves have patches of green(with chlorophyll) and white(without)
Only the green patches will turn the iodine solution blue-black to show that starch has been made (photosynthesis) - 18Glucose uses:converted into soluble starch for storage
respiration
fats and oils for storage
produce cellulose which strengthens cell walls
produce proteins(through a supply of mineral and nitrate ions) - 19Rates affecting photosynthesisTemperature
light
CO2 levels - 20Factors affecting distribution of organismsT(emperature)om
N(utrients)ever
l(ight)ikes
w(ater)asting
Oxygen
C(arbon)os d(ioxide)ead - 21Quadratscounts the number of particular plant or animal
- 22Protein functionsStructural components of tissue
Hormones
Anti-bodies
Catalysts - 23Enzymes can...Build large molecules from many smaller ones
Change one molecule into another one
Break down larger molecules into smaller ones - 24DenaturedActive site changes shape (stops enzymes working) affected by acid (too acidic or alkaline) and temp (too hot)
- 25AmylaseProduced by salivary glands, small intestine and pancreas
catlalyses digestion of starch into sugars in mouth and small intestine - 26ProteaseProduced by stomach pancreas and small intestine, breaks down proteins into small amino acids in stomach and small intestine
- 27Lipaseproduced by small intestine and pancreas catlyses breakdown of fats and oils into fatty acids and glycerol
- 28BileSquirted into the small intestine and neutralises the stomach acids. Makes conditions slightly alkaline
- 29Enzymes work best in...Narrow pH range
- 30Biological detergentsContain proteases and lipases that digest food stains.
Work better at lower temperatures saving money and electricity - 31IsomeraseConverts glucose into fructose. Fructose is much sweeter, less needed in foods = less fattening
- 32Enzyme advantagesEffective at removing stains
Reduced energy and equipment costs
used in medicine (diagnose, control, cure) - 33Enzyme disadvantagesMay enter waterways via sewage system
Denatured at high temperatures and acidicy
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- Biology (Additional) Flashcards on Untitled_10, created by ryangriscti on 23/11/2013.
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