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Flashcards

Parasympathetic & Sympathetic Branches

Kyha Avery Resp 2510 Pharmacology Resp Therapy English 53 cards

Cards in this deck (53)

  1. 1A brief summary of the parasympathetic branchIt is a branch of the autonomic system. It is considered the "rest a digest" system. It is considered a tightly regulated, precise, & finely tuned branch involved in day-to-day functions
  2. 2Overstimulation of the parasympathetic branch can lead to what effects?Salivation
    Lacrimation (tearing)
    Bradycardia
    Bronchoconstriction
    Urination
    Defecation
    Low BP
  3. 3What 8 effects does the parasympathetic system normally have on the body?Constricted pupils
    Contracts bladder
    Stimulated sex organs
    Stimulates salivation
    Constricts breathing
    Stimulates Digestion
    Stimulates the gallbladder
  4. 4A brief summary of the Sympathetic systemThe "fight or flight" part of the autonomic system. Is more concerned about increasing the body's ability for action & output.
  5. 5What are 8 normal effects of the sympathetic system?Dilated pupils
    Inhibits Salivation
    Inhibits Digestion
    Accelerates the Heart
    Facilitates Breathing
    Stimulates The release of Glucose
    Relaxes The Bladder
    Inhibits Sex Organs
  6. 6The general definition of a neurotransmitter (get you thinking)? What do they do and what do the bind to?Chemical transmitters bind to receptors and initiate a response. When released from pre-synaptic nerves, they cross the synapse & bind to receptors on post-synaptic nerves
  7. 7What is the main neurotransmitter is responsible for parasympathetic division?Acetylcholine
  8. 8What 4 other things is Acetylcholine also the neurotransmitter used for?Motor neurons
    Pre-ganglionic Sympathetic sites
    Sympathetic sweat glands
    Adrenal Glands
  9. 9Norepinephrine is the primary neurotransmitter for what division?The sympathetic post ganglions
  10. 10Catecholamine (norepinephrine is an example) will release from where?Adrenal Medulla
  11. 11What are the 2 exceptions that are NOT stimulated by Norepinephrine but are actually stimulated by Acetylcholine?Sweat Glands
    Adrenal Glands
  12. 12Define Parasympatho-mimeticsMimics Parasympathetic
  13. 13What makes the parasympathetic division more precise in comparison to the sympathetic division?In the parasympathetic division, the pre-ganglion fiber is long and the post-ganglion fiber is shorter; this allows the ganglion to be closer to the effector organ, allowing it to be more precise.
    The sympathetic system has a short pre-ganglion fiber & a long post-ganglion fiber.
  14. 14What nerves innervate the parasympathetic division?The cranial sacral nerves
  15. 15What would the benefits be to a drug that 100% mimicked Norepinephrine?Increased heart rate, bronchodilation, vasodilation
  16. 16What are the downsides to a drug that 100% mimicked Norepinephrine?It's non-specific, so you could be stimulating many areas
  17. 17Define Parasympatho-lyticsNon-parasympathetic
  18. 18Define Sympatho-mimeticsMimics Sympathetic
  19. 19Define Sympatho-lyticsNon-Sympathetic
  20. 20Define CholinergicLike Acetylcholine
  21. 21Define adrenergicsLike adrenaline (Epinephrine is also known as adrenaline)
    Norepinephrine is continuously released at low levels, epinephrine is released at only times of stress (like adrenline)
  22. 22Define anti-cholinergicsNon-cholinergic
    Against ACh in other words if that helps
  23. 23Define anti-adrenergicsNon-adrenaline
  24. 24Synonym for adrenergicsympatho-mimetic
  25. 25Synonym for Anti-cholinergicParasympatho-lytics
  26. 26Synonym for CholinergicParasymaptho-mimetics
  27. 27Synonym for Anti-adrenergicSympatho-lytics
  28. 28Acetylcholine is broken down by acetylcholinesterase in the synapse, what is the second method of deactivation?The second method uses auto-receptors. When ACh is released, auto-receptors are activated & act as a negative feedback loop to decrease future ACh release
  29. 29What two types of Cholinergic receptors are there in the parasympathetic division?Muscarinic
    Nicotinic
  30. 30Where are nicotinic receptors found?Neuromuscular junctions
    CNS
    Parasympathetic
    Sympathetic
  31. 31Activation of nicotinic receptors can trigger what effetcs?Skeletal muscle contractions
    CNS excitation
    Vasoconstriction
  32. 32How many subtypes of muscarinic receptors are there? What types of proteins are they?5 types. They are all g-proteins
  33. 33Where are M2 & M3 receptors found?M2 are found on cardiac muscle cells
    M3 are found on airway smooth muscle & mucus glands
  34. 34If the parasympathetic system is more rest & digest, what would the normal response to activating M2 & M3 be?Activating M2 would slow the heart rate
    Activating M3 would cause bronchoconstriction and increased mucus production
  35. 35What would an anti-muscarinic drug that only targeted M3 receptors do?It would cause bronchodilation & decrease mucus production
  36. 36What would a muscarinic drug that only targeted M2 receptors do?It would slow the heart rate
  37. 37What would an adrenergic drug that only targeted M3 receptors do?No response because a muscarinic receptor will only be excited by ACh
  38. 38What would a parasympatholytic drug that targeted M2 and M3 receptors do?Increase the heart rate, bronchodilation, & decreased mucus production
  39. 39Definition of MethacholineDirect acting cholinergic. It is an agonist because if it was inhaled, it would cause bronchoconstriction. It is used to diagnose or detect airway reactivity in people with or without asthma
  40. 40What is the Generic name for TensilonEdrophonium
  41. 41Definition of TensilonNon-Direct acting Cholinergic. Rapid onset (about 30 seconds), very short half life (10 mins).
    Primarily deactivates Acetylcholinesterase
  42. 42Why do we use Tensilon?To improve patients muscle strength.
  43. 43What 3 ways is Norepinephrine generally inactivated?Re-uptake back into the pre-synaptic nerve for reuse (uptake 1)
    Uptake into surrounding tissue (uptake 2)
    Auto-receptors (Negative feedback loop to decrease release)
  44. 44What 2 enzymes largely deactivate Norepinephrine?MAO enzyme
    COMT enzyme
  45. 452 Types of Adrenergic receptors are called what? And what kind of proteins are they?Alpha & Beta
    They are G-proteins
  46. 46Where are Alpha 1 & Alpha 2 receptors found?Alpha 1 - Peripheral NS
    Alpha 2 - Central NS
  47. 47Stimulating Alpha 1 or Alpha 2 would lead to what effects?Stimulation of Alpha 1 leads to vasoconstriction
    Stimulation of Alpha 2 leads to vasodilation
  48. 48Where are Beta 1 & Beta 2 receptors found?Beta 1 - Heart Muscle
    Beta 2 - Bronchial & Airway smooth muscle
  49. 49Stimulation of Beta 1 or Beta 2 receptors leads to what effects?Beta 1 - Increased HR, Increased Muscle Contraction
    Beta 2 - Bronchodilation, Relaxation
  50. 50In order, list the 5 drugs on the spectrum, from exciting alpha 1 receptors the most to exciting beta receptors the most1.) Phenylephrine
    2.) Norepinephrine
    3.) Epinephrine
    4.) Dopamine
    5.) Isoproterenol
  51. 51Dopamine is a precursor to what neurotransmitter, allowing it to activate the same receptors?Norepinephrine
  52. 52What effects will occur if you stimulate Beta 2 receptors on the lungs?Bronchodilation
    Decreased Mucus Production
    Vasodilation
  53. 53As our airways get smaller, what type of receptors will we find more of?Beta receptors

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Resp Therapy Resp 2510 Pharmacology Flashcards on Parasympathetic & Sympathetic Branches , created by Kyha Avery on 15/01/2023.
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