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Flashcards

Exam 5 - Bacteria

Olivia Poston English 96 cards

Cards in this deck (96)

  1. 1Gram-positive bacteria1. Staphylococcus aureus
    2. Streptococcus pyogenes
    3. Streptococcus pneumoniae
    4. Clostridium tetani
    5. Clostridium botulinum
    6. Clostridium perfringes
    7. Clostridium difficile
    8. Bacillus Anthracis
  2. 2Gram-negative bacteria1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    2. Haemophilus influenzae
    3. Bortadella pertussis
    4. Escherichia coli
    5. Chlamydia trachomatis (no peptidoglycan layer - obligate intracellular parasite)
  3. 3Capsulated bacteria1. Staphylococcus aureus (gram +)
    2. Streptococcus pyogenes (gram +)
    3. Streptococcus pneumoniae (virulent; nonencapsulated avirulent. gram +)
    4. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  4. 4Acid-fast positive bacteriaMycobacterium tuberculosis
  5. 5ProtozoaToxoplasma gondii
  6. 6Eukaryote- Candida albicans (yeast)
    - Toxoplasma gondii (protozoa)
  7. 7Bacillus1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    2. Haemophilus influenzae (pleomorphic)
    3. Clostridium difficile, C. tetani, C. botulinum, C. perfringes
    4. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    5. Bacillus anthracis
    6. Escherichia coli
    7. Chlamydia trachomatis
  8. 8Cocci1. Staphylococcus aureus
    2. Streptococcus pyogenes
    3. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  9. 9Coccobacillus1. Haemophilus influenzae (pleomorphic)
    2. Bortadella pertussis
  10. 10Form Endospores1. Clostridium tetani, C. botulinum, C. perfringes, C. dificile
    2. Bacillus anthracis
  11. 11Normal Flora1. Candida albicans
    2. Clostridium difficile
    3. Escherichia coli
    4. Staphylococcus aureus (coagulase neg strain)
  12. 12Coagulase- Causes blood clotting
    S. aureus
  13. 13Fibrinolysin- Destroys fibrin clots
    S. pyogenes
  14. 14StreptokinaseLyses fibrin clots (fibrinolysin) made specifically by Streptococcus
  15. 15Catalase- Breaks down hydrogen peroxide (ROS)
    S. aureus
  16. 16Hyaluronidase- Breaks down hyaluronic acid
    S. pyogenes
    S. aureus
  17. 17StreptolysinLyses red blood cells (hemolysin) made specifically by Streptococcus
  18. 18M protein- Adhesion
    - Evades phagocytosis
    S. pyogenes
  19. 19Capsule- Adhesion
    - Evades phagocytosis
  20. 20DNase- Breaks up DNA of dead neutrophils in pus, making it less viscous
    S. pyogenes
  21. 21C5a peptidase- increases inflammation
    - Interferes with complement
    S. pyogenes
  22. 22LeukocidinsLyse white blood cells
    S. aureus
  23. 23IgA protease- Degrades IgA in secretions
    S. pneumoniae
    H. influenzae
  24. 24Adhesins- Attach to host cells
    P. aeruginosa
    B. pertussis
  25. 25LPS- Endotoxin in Gram-neg outer membrane
    - Releases cytokines, increasing inflammatory response
    P. aeurginosa
    H. influenzae
  26. 26TSST-1 Superantigen- Staphylococcus aureus
    - Stimulates CD4+ cells to release cytokines/ TNF, leading to systemic Shock
    Toxic Shock Syndrome
    S. aureus
  27. 27SSSS exfoliative toxin- Breaks junction between dermis & epidermis, causing epidermis to slide off
    Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome
    S. aureus
  28. 28Staphylococcal enterotoxin superantigen- Increases inflammatory response, increased peristalsis = vomiting, diarrhea
    Staphylococcal Food Poisoning
    S. aureus
  29. 29Pyrogenic exotoxin- Superantigen
    Scarlet fever
    S. pyogenes
  30. 30Pneumolysin- Destroys ciliated & phagocytic cells
    Pneumonia
    S. pnumoniae
  31. 31Pyocyanin- Gives blue/green tinge to host skin
    -Impairs ciliary function
    - Stimulates inflammatory response
    P. aeruginosa
  32. 32Elastase- Destroys tissue containing elastin, collagen, Ig and complement factors
    P. aeruginosa
  33. 33Alkaline protease- Tissue destruction
    - Inactivates interferons & TNF2
    P. aeruginosa
  34. 34Cytotoxin- Cytotoxic for eukaryotic cell membranes
    P. aeruginosa
  35. 35Exotoxin- Inhibits protein synthesis
    P. aeruginosa
  36. 36Polyribitol phosphate- B antigen on capsule
    - Prevents phagocytosis
    H. influenzae
  37. 37a Toxin (Lethal toxin)- Kills cells, resulting in cellulitis
    C. perfringens
  38. 38Tracheal cytotoxin- Damages ciliated cells
    B. pertussis
  39. 39Pertussis toxin- Increases respiratory secretions
    - Inhibits phagocytosis & monocyte migration
    B. pertussis
  40. 40Protective antigen- Binds toxins to target cells
    B anthracis
  41. 41Edema toxin- Causes local swelling
    - Interferes with phagocytosis
    B. anthracis
  42. 42Lethal toxin (not "a-Toxin")Targets & kills macrophages
  43. 43Staphylococcus aureusGram-positive cocci
    "bunch of grapes"
    Capsulated
  44. 44Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors- Resistant to lysozymes
    - Neutralizes AMPs
    - Coagulase
    - Fibrinolysin
    - Catalase
    - Hyaluronidase
    - Leukocidins
  45. 45Staphylococcus aureus toxins- TSST-1 superantigen
    - SSSS exfoliative toxin
    - Staphylococcal enterotoxin superantigen
  46. 46Staphylococcus aureus diseases- Endocarditis
    - Stapylococcal food posioning
    (S. enterotoxin)
    - Toxic Shock syndrome
    (TSST-1 superantigen)
    - Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS toxin)
  47. 47Streptococcus pyogenes- Gram-positive cocci
    "chains"
    - Capsulated
    - Group A serological classification
  48. 48Streptococcus pyogenes virulence factors- Streptolysins
    - M protein
    - Capsule
    - Beta-hemolytic
    - Pyrogenic endotoxin
  49. 49Streptococcus pyogenes enzymes- Streptokinase
    - Hyaluronidase
    - C5a peptidase
  50. 50Streptococcus pyogenes Diseases- Necrotizing fasciitis
    - Streptococcal pharnygitis (strep throat)
    *scarlet fever is a complication of strep throat*
    - Pericarditis
    - Rheumatic fever
    - Peurperal sepsis - neonatal; caused by Group B 'S. agalactiae'
  51. 51Streptococcus pneumoniae- Gram-positive cocci
    "short chains/diplo"
    - Encapsulated (virulent)
    - Nonencapsulated (avirulent)
  52. 52Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factors- IgA protease
    - pneumolysin
    - Teichoic acid
    - Peptidoglycan fragments
  53. 53Streptococcus pneumoniae diseases- Pneumonia
    - Meningitis
  54. 54Pseudomonas aeruginosa- Gram negative bacilli
    - Capsulated
    - Found in soil & water
  55. 55Pseudomonas aeruginosa are inherently resistant & mutable because- Alteration of pores
    - Not normal flora
    - Wide temperature for growth (4C-42C); limitless growth possibilities
  56. 56Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors- Capsule
    - Adhesions
    - LPS (endotoxin)
    - Pyocyanin
    - Elastase
    - Alkaline protease
  57. 57Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxins- Cytotoxin
    - Exotoxin (cytotoxic to eukaryotic cell membranes)
  58. 58Pseudomonas aeruginosa diseases- Malignant external otitis
  59. 59Haemophilus influenzae- Gram-negative bacilli/coccobacilli; Pleomorphic
    - Capsulated
    - Non encapsulated colonize upper repiratory tract in almost everyone
    - Obligate parasites on human mucosa
    - Vaccine available
  60. 60Haemophilus influenzae virulence factors- Pili & nonpilus adhesins
    - LPS
    - Polyribitol phosphate
    - IgA protease
  61. 61Haemophilus influenzae- Otitis media
    - Sinusitis
    - Bronchitis
    - Pneumonia
    - Conjunctivitis
    - Meningitis
    - Cellulitis
  62. 62Clostridium tetani- Anaerobic
    - Gram-positive bacilli
    - Form endospores
    - Found in soil all over the world
    - Vaccine against tetanospasmin toxin
  63. 63Clostridium tetani Virulence factors- Tetanospasmin (causes muscle to stay contracted); Tetanus
  64. 64Clostridium botulinum- Anaerobic
    - Gram-positive bacilli
    - Form endospores
    - Found in soil & water all over the world
  65. 65Clostridium botulinum virulence factors- Botulinum toxin
  66. 66Clostridium botulinum diseases- Food-borne botulism
    - Infant botulism
    - Would botulism
  67. 67Clostridium perfringens- Anaerobic
    - Gram-positive bacilli
    - Form endospores
    - 5 types based on toxin (A-E)
    - Type A is the only one in soil; causes human infectons
  68. 68Clostridium perfringens virulence factors- a-Toxin (Lethal toxin) kills cells
  69. 69Clostridium perfringens diseases- Cellulitis with gas gangrene (skin)
    - Gas gangrene (cardiovascular)
    - Clostridial food poisoning
    - Nectrotizing enteritis
  70. 70Clostridium difficile- Anaerobic
    - Gram-positive bacilli
    - Form endospores
    - Can be normal GI flora. Overgrow (endogenous) or colonize (exogenous) post broad-spectrum abx treatment
  71. 71Clostridium difficile virulence factors- Toxin A (enterotoxin)
    - Toxin B (cytotoxin)
    - Adhesins
    - Hyaluronidase
    - Endosporees
  72. 72Clostridium difficile diseases- Hemmorhagic necrosis
  73. 73Bordetella pertussis- Non-fermentative
    - Aerobic
    - Gram-negative coccobacillus
  74. 74Bordetella pertussis virulence factors- Adhesins
    - Tracheal cytotoxin
    (damages ciliated cells)
    - Pertussis toxin
    (Increases respiratory secretions; inhibits phagocytosis & monocyte migration)
  75. 75Bordetella pertussis diseases- Whooping cough
    Kennel cough from B. brontiseptica
  76. 76Mycobacterium tuberculosis- Acid-fast positive bacillus
    - Obligate aerobe
    - 20 hour generation time; 6 month minimum antibiotic treatment due to slow growth/dormancy
  77. 77Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factors- Mycolic acid
  78. 78Mycobacterium tuberculosis diseases- Tuberculosis
    Disease comes from host response
  79. 79Bacillus anthracis- Gram-positive bacilli
    - Forms endospores
    - Capsulated
    - Found in soil; mostly affects grazing animals
  80. 80Bacillus anthracis virulence factors- Capsule
    - Protective antigen
    Binds toxin to target cells
    - Edema toxin
    - Lethal toxin
    Targets & kills maxrophages
  81. 81Bacillus anthracis diseases- Inhalation of anthrax
    - Cutaneous anthrax
  82. 82Toxoplasma gondiiProtozoan
    Cats are definitive host
  83. 83How does Toxoplasma gondii cause disease- Reproduce in cat intestines & shed in feces; infectious in 3-4 days
    - Infection via infected meat or oocytes in feces
    - Can travel thru bloodstream to distant organs
  84. 84Toxoplasma gondii diseases- Hydrocephalus
    - Intracranial calcifications
    - Toxoplasmosis
    Most infections are symptomatic/benign; congenital infections can cause life long neurological problems/death
    Severe in immunocompromised (pregnant, AIDS)
  85. 85Escherichia coli- Gram-negative bacillus
    - Normal GI flora
  86. 86Escherichia coli virulence factors- Exotoxins
    - Adhesins
  87. 87Escherichia coli diseases- Gastroenteritis
    - UTI
    - Cystitis (bladder infection)
    - Enterohemmorhagic E. coli (EHEC) is a hazard to human life/health
    (most E. coli is harmless)
  88. 88Chalymidia trachomatis- Gram-negative bacilli
    - NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN LAYER - strict intracellular parasite
  89. 89Chalymidia trachomatis virulence factors- Intracellular replication
  90. 90Chalymidia trachomatis male diseases- Epididymitis
    - Urethritis
  91. 91Chalymidia trachomatis female diseases- Cercivitis
    - Endometritis
    - Salpingitis
    - Pelvic inflammatory disease
  92. 92Candida albicans- Fungus w/ pseudohyphae
  93. 93How does Candida albicans cause disease?- C. albicans is normal flora in the vaginal tract but can cause vaginitis if it overgrows (post-antibiotic use; microbiome is not able to do microbial antagonism)
  94. 94Chalymidia trachomatis disease of neonates- Thrush; yeast overgrowth in mouth. Microbiotia is not established so it is able to overgrow
  95. 95Chalymidia trachomatis virulence factors- Pseudohyphae
    Make it too large to phagocytize
  96. 96What species of Candida causes disease of skin, hair, nails, mouth, vagina, esophagus & bronchial tree?C. spp.

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Flashcards on Exam 5 - Bacteria, created by Olivia Poston on 30/04/2023.
Created by
Olivia Poston · Apr 2023
Updated
May 1, 2023
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