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Description
Flashcards by Evelyn Widdrington-Fox, updated 7 months ago
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Created by Evelyn Widdrington-Fox
7 months ago
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| Question | Answer |
| SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY | Albert Bandura (1962) proposed SLT to explain how learning often occurs without direct reinforcement. Instead, a behaviour can be learned indirectly by observing & imitating another individual whose behaviour has been reinforced. Cognitive factors are included in the process. |
| MODELLING | We learn through observing role models in the environment. When watching a model we focus our attention on them & their behaviour. Their behaviour has to be retained & remembered so it can be repeated. |
| IMITATION | The observer may imitate their models. It's more likely to occur if the observer identifies with the model because either 1: they perceive the model to be similar to them (e.g. age & gender) 2: they value & admire the model (e.g. because they have social status). |
| VICARIOUS REINFORCEMENT | Observational learning/modelling. Influences behaviour, attitudes, & emotions. Motivates behaviour imitation of a role model, especially if they receive positive outcomes. Discourages copying behaviour of someone we dislike, especially if they receive negative outcomes. Useful for teaching children, especially those with autism. |
| THE FOUR STAGES OF SLT | 1. ATTENTION: must be paid to replicate behaviour. 2. RETENTION: if you can't remember it, you can't imitate it. 3: MOTOR REPRODUCTION: you can only replicate what you can physically do. 4. MOTIVATION: we need to be motivated to complete the behaviour. |
| BANDURA'S BOBO DOLL EXPERIMENT | Children of both sexes were randomly assigned into 1 of 3 groups & watched a video: 1. Adults beat up a bobo doll. 2. Adults ignored the bobo doll. 3. No model was present. The children mostly imitated the behaviour they saw the model display. Imitation was more likely if the model was the same sex as the observer. |
| STRENGTHS OF THE BOBO DOLL EXPERIMENT | Great example of vicarious reinforcement. It helps to explain how children acquire aggressive behaviours (e.g. aggressive family environment) & how they can be reduced. The case of Jon Venables & Robert Thompson is a famous real world application. |
| LIMITATIONS OF THE BOBO DOLL EXPERIMENT | Conducted in strict lab environments, so lacks ecological validity. It lacks generalisability as we can't generalise to everyday situations beyond the lab. |
| STRENGTHS OF SLT | Supported by human & animal studies. The findings reliably demonstrate how behaviour is influenced through observation & vicarious reinnforcement. |
| LIMITATIONS OF SLT | Disregards genetics. Research has shows that aggression, for example, has a genetic component, as well as social learning. Therefore SLT isn't a complete explanation of behaviour - a reductionist approach. |
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