3933721
Description
Flashcards by Cooper Kane, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Cooper Kane
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Name two differences between organic compounds and inorganic compounds | Organic compounds are generally from living things Inorganic compounds are generally from non-living things Organic compounds always contain carbon |
| Name three properties of water that make water essential for living things | 1. Excellent Solvent 2. Exhibits Capillary's 3. It's Cohesive |
| Differentiate between a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide | Monosaccharide: manufactured by plants during photosynthesis Disaccharide: double sugar formed by two monosaccharides combined in a condensation reaction Polysaccharide: complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides |
| The two ends of a fatty acid are a carboxyl end which is hydrophilic and the hydrocarbon end which is hydrophobic. What do the terms hydrophilic and hydrophobic mean? | Hydrophobic means it doesn't like water; water-fearing; non-polar Hydrophilic means water absorbent; water-loving; polar |
| What are two nucleic acids and what are their functions | DNA/RNA, they are complex macro molecules that store and transmit genetic information |
| What are the three components of a nucleotide | The phosphate group, the sugar, and the nitrogenous base |
| What are three examples of monosaccharides discussed in class? | Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose |
| What are the four atoms/groups that attach to a central carbon atom to form and amino acid? | |
| What are enzymes, under which organic molecule group do they belong | Proteins. They speed up chemical reactions |
| What is the enzyme for maltose and where is maltose found | Maltase; barley |
| What is the enzyme for lactose and where is lactose found | Lactase; dairy products |
| What is the enzyme for sucrose and where is sucrose found | Sucrase; table sugar |
| What are the four organic compounds essential for all living organisms | Carbohydrates, Protein, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids |
| What are carbohydrates? | Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a ration of two H atoms to one O atom |
| What is a monosaccharide | any of the class of sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar. |
| What is an isomer | Two or more compounds with the same formula but a different combination |
| What is a disaccharide | A double sugar formed by two monosaccharides combined in a condensation reaction |
| What are the three common disaccharides | Sucrose, Lactose, and Maltose |
| What is a polysaccharide | Complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides |
| What are three important polysaccharides | Glycogen, Starch, and Cellulose |
| What is a lipid | A fatty compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| Identify three examples of lipids | Fats, oils, and waxes |
| What is the monomer of lipids | Fatty acids |
| What is a triglyceride | A type of lipid in which the macro molecule (large molecule) is composed of three molecules of fatty acids joined to one molecule of glycerol through a condensation reaction |
| Differentiate between a fat and an oil | Oils are liquid at room temp. Fats are solid at room temp. |
| How does a steroid differ from most lipids | It contains four carbon rings that don't contain fatty acids |
| What is a wax | Similar to fats except waxes are composed of only one long-chain fatty acid bonded to a long-chain alcohol group attached |
| What is a protein | The structural and functional organic compounds of organisms |
| What are the monomers of proteins | Amino acids |
| What is a dipeptide | Formed by two amino acids joining in a condensation reaction |
| What is a polypeptide | A long chain of amino acids |
| What is a substrate | The reactant in a chemical reaction that is catalyzed by the enzyme |
| What are the monomers of nucleic acids | Nucleotides |
| Write the general equation for the formation of a polymer through a condensation reaction | Monomer + monomer = polymer + H2O The monomers lose H2O |
| Write the general equation for the breakdown of a polymer through hydrolysis | Polymer + H2O = monomer + monomer The monomers gain H2O |
| Write the condensation reaction for maltose | Glucose + glucose = maltose + H2O |
| Write the condensation reaction for sucrose | Glucose + fructose = sucrose + H2O |
| Write the hydrolysis reaction for lactose | Lactose + H2O = glucose + galactose |
| Write the hydrolysis reaction for a triglyceride | Triglyceride + 3H2O = glycerol + fatty acid+ fatty acid+ fatty acid |
| Write the condensation reaction for a dipeptide | Amino acid + amino acid = dipeptide + H2O |
| Write the hydrolysis reaction for a polypeptide | Polypeptide + 2H2O = amino acid + amino acid + amino acid |
| Write the condensation reaction for a polysaccharide | monosaccharide + monosaccharide + monosaccharide = polysaccharide + 2H2O |
| Write the hydrolysis reaction for a disaccharide | monosaccharide + monosaccharide = disaccharide + H2O |
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