3940563
Description
Flashcards by maddygoldie, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by maddygoldie
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Risk | Potential to gain or lose something of value |
| Risk Management | Planning to minimise the exposure to harm from foreseeable risks that might cause death or serious injury, and having plans to respond to unforeseen circumstances. |
| Hazards | Conditions or circumstances that contribute to likelihood of an incident |
| Peak Experience | Have highest level of satisfaction e.g. overcome challenge |
| Challenge | Act of using personal competence in a risky situation |
| Misadventure | If a group or leader has false perceptions about their ability they may chose to engage in activities that are beyond them, endangering people |
| Danger | Thing likely to cause harm |
| Risky shift | Level of risk in a situation may not be constant or can change quite rapidly |
| 3 types of risk | 1. Absolute risk - uppermost limit of risk (before safety controls in place) 2. Real risk - amount of risk at any given time 3. Perceived risk - individuals subjective assessment of the real risk present |
| First step for effective accident management (emergency response) | Stop! Survey the scene: - Danger - Determine mechanism of injury - Establish body substance isolation - Determine number of patients - Form a general impression of the patient |
| Stop! Survey the scene: 1. Danger 2. Determine mechanism of injury | 1. - Breathe, remain calm - Danger to self, others, patient - Put on gloves, avoid further incidents 2. - What happened? cause? - Medical, accident, trauma, environment |
| Stop! Survey the scene: 3. Establish body substance isolation 4. Determine number of patients 5. Form general impression of patient | 3. - Disposable gloves - blood, bodily fluids 4. - Scan area for other patients 5. - If conscious -> establish relationship - Very sick/badly hurt -> rapid assessment is vital |
| Second step for effective accident management (emergency response) | Primary Survey: identify and treat any immediate threats to patient's life - Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure |
| Primary Survey: 1. Response 2. Airway | 1. - Determine LOC by testing response to verbal and painful stimuli - Spinal -> control head and neck 2. - No response = check airways (with gloves) - Clear on side if foreign material |
| Primary Survey: 3. Breathing 4. Circulation | 3. - Look, listen, feel for 10 seconds - No breathing -> 2 initial mouth to mouth 4. - Unconscious, not breathing = begin CPR (30 comp, 2 breaths) - If starts breathing, place in recovery position, check pulse - Check major bleeding -> control |
| Primary Survey: 5. Disability 6. Exposure | 5. - Don't move if spinal injury suspected 6. - Environmental factors such as cold, heat and rain will affect decision making |
| Third step for effective accident management (emergency response) | Secondary Survey: After life threatening problems have been treated - Head to toe survey - Vital signs - Medical history |
| Secondary Survey: 1. Head to toe survey | 1. - Close inspection of patients entire body before treating injuries - Ask about pain, look, feel, listen, smell - Start head, neck face - Finish spine and buttocks |
| Secondary Survey: 2. Vital Signs | 2. - Level of consciousness - AVPU scale, alert, verbal, pain, unresponsive - Heart rate - regular, 60-80bpm - Respiratory rate - 12-20bpm, even - SCTM - skin colour, temp, moisture - Capillary refill time, pupil response, temperature |
| Secondary Survey: 3. Patient History | 3. - Medical history attained to determine condition S - Symptoms A - Allergies M - Medications P - Past relevant medical history L - Last 'ins and outs' E - Event preceding incident or illness |
| Fourth step for effective accident management (emergency response) | Patient Care and Monitoring - Shock management - Hypothermia - Hyperthermia |
| Patient Care and Monitoring: What is shock and its symptoms? | - Shock: cells not receiving adequate supply of oxygen - level of consciousness - restless, disorientate - rapid or weak heart rate - rapid and shallow reparatory rate - pale, cool and clammy skin - pupils are slower to respond |
| Patient Care and Monitoring: How do you manage shock? | Place patient on back with feet slightly raised |
| Fifth step for effective accident management (emergency response) | Documentation and Accident Report Forms |
| Documentation and Accident Report Forms: Why is it important to record and keep on file all accidents? (3) | 1. Assist with any further investigation into incident 2. Provide info for future safety management practices 3. Provide evidence should this be required for legal reasons SAMPLE |
| Hypothermia: What is it? What causes it? (5 ion) How to prevent it? | - Condition associated with lowered core body temp - Radiation, respiration, evaporation, conduction, convection - Be aware wet, wind, cold; ensure you are fit; well-balanced diet; wear appropriate clothing |
| Hypothermia: Symptoms at different stages? 2. Management | 1. Mild - shivering, lack coordination, slowed pace, thinking and moving. Moderate - hallucinations, decreased consciousness, shivering stops Severe - slow pulse, breathing, irregular heart beat, appears dead |
| Hypothermia: How do you manage someone with hypothermia? | Mild -> moderate: DRSABC, secondary survey, remove cause, remove wet clothing, warm clothes, high energy food, shelter Moderate-> severe: DRSABC, gently place in tent, remove wet, dress warm, insulation mat, sleeping bags, warm environment, medical aid - check group after |
| Hyperthermia: 1. What is it? 2. What causes hyperthermia? | 1. Condition associated with heat stroke (increased body temp) 2. Dehydration and unsuitable clothing while exercising or in hot weather |
| Hyperthermia: 1. What are the symptoms of heat exhaustion? 2. What is the treatment? | 1. Thirst, dizziness, weakness, reduced urine, headache, HR and RR increases, pale cool and clammy 2. Rehydrate, shady area, raised feet, sponge and fan, monitor |
| Hyperthermia: 1. What is heat stroke? 2. Symptoms of heat stroke 3. Treatment of heat stroke | 1. Failure of body's temp regulatory system 2. No sweating, above 40 deg, dry, red, hot skin, increased hr and breathing 3. Shade, remove clothing, cool , give water |
| Risk Identification | - Thinking about what you are planning, why you are doing it and whether you have the skills to do it - Specifies what can go wrong and what could prevent you achieving your goals - Identified through experience of others, direct observation, own observation |
| Causal factors and controls | Give rise to a hazard becoming a risk of serious harm to the participant. Identifying these allows for control systems. Controls - planned actions that reduce likelihood of hazard progressing to risk - people, equipment, environment |
| What is risk assessment? | Being aware of current controls and detecting potential risks Likelihood of risk occurring and consequences |
| Risk Management Reduction Strategies: What are two examples of safety policies and guidelines? | - Standard operating procedures (SOP): guidelines for us of equipment - Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): outdoor activities require minimal level of PPE e.g. helmet and gloves |
| Risk Management Reduction Strategies: List 4 other reduction strategies? | - Risk disclosures: discuss nature of activity with participants - Know the participants: different personalities, medical needs, etc - Staff training: evacuation routes and full knowledge - Equipment maintenance: ensure gear in good working order |
| What is the difference between social and psychological factors contributing to risk? | Social: reference to an individual's relationship with others and themselves Psychological: thoughts, feelings that affect attitude, behaviour and function of human mind |
| What are two purposes of monitoring and evaluating risk management plans? | - Ensures procedures are properly managed - Anticipates potential issues, which provides chance for quick solution, and ensures situation remains manageable |
| Whats the difference between EPIRB and PLB? | EPIRB: emergency position indicating radio beacon, auto set off when submerged in 3m water, for marine use, exact location, waterproof, float, 48 hr battery life PLB: personal locating beacon, not waterproof, land based, 24 hr battery life |
| What are the three types of radios and uses? | - UHF (ultra high frequency): call for help and describe incident, limited range, 'line of sight' - HF (high frequency): vehicle based communication, large, expensive - VHF: common at sea |
| Who organises a search, rescue and evacuation? | Police: - Search HQ - pre search info evaluated - Field search HQ - Field search controller - coordinates |
| What are the three stages of a land search? | 1. Reconnaissance stage: quick check of high probability areas 2. General (rapid comb) stage: rapid comb of overall search area for clues of presence of lost person 3. Line search stage: thorough search of particular area where relatively small area of high probability has been defined |
| What are the types of searches? (3) | - Indian file: searching foot track - Track sweep: line extended across track if terrain permits -Square search formation: pairs placed front, rear sides e.g. gorge |
| What are the types of searches? (3) | - Parallel sweeps: team move through search area paralleling a feature - Creeping line formation: walk in line in easterly direction, reach boundary, change direction to north then west - Contour search: hills, ridges, spurs -> search in spiral formation |
| What are three methods of evacuation? | 1. Self evacuation 2. Rescue team evacuation 3. Helicopter evacuation |
| What are the two types of evacuation procedures? | 1. Immediate - hazardous impact, little or no warning 2. Pre warned - result of events that provide adequate warning for preparation |
| SOAP note | Subjective info: who, what, when, where, how Objective info: what are their vital signs Assessment: what do you think is wrong Plan: what are you going to do? |
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