Flashcards
Muscular & skeletal system
Cards in this deck (61)
- 1Label this diagram from left to right1. Diaphysis
2. Distal Epiphysis
3. Epiphyseal line
4. Spongy bone
5. Medullary cavity
6. Periosteum
7. Articular Cartilage - 2Label this diagram from left to right (top to bottom)1. Articular cartilage
2. Synovial membrane
3. Synovial fluid
4. Spongy bone
- 3What are the two main minerals stored in the skeleton?Ca & P
- 4What is the periosteum?Connective tissue membrane that covers bone
- 5What is the structural unit of compact bone?Osteon
- 6Where in the bone is red bone marrow located?In spongy bone
- 7What is the name of the bone building cell?Osteoblasts
- 8Name the cells Hint: Main cells in bone tissue and maintain its daily metabolism. A mature bone cell.Osteocytes
- 9T or F: Inorganic material in bones give flexibility and strength to bone?False
- 10What is Endochondral Ossification?Replacement of cartilage by bone
- 11In the bone remodelling process which cell type removes minerals and collagen fibres from the bone?Osteoclasts
- 12What structures can be found in the central canal of an osteon?Blood vessels (both artery and vein)
Nerve fibres - 13T or F: Synovial joints are freely moveable (diarthroses) joints?True
- 14What joint is this?Fibrous joint / Suture joint
- 15What is the function of tendons?Attaches muscle to bone
- 16What is the function of sac like structure called bursae?Alleviate friction in some joints
- 17Name the movement?Abduction
- 18Name this movement?Circumduction
- 19A bone would be unable to repair itself if it lacked a?Periosteum
- 20The endosteum is the?Lining of medullary cavity
- 21The tensile strength of bone is provided by?Collagen fibres
- 22A fracture in the shaft of a bone is a break in the?Diaphysis
- 23The diaphysis of long bones are mostly made up of?Compact bones
- 24The cells that produce bone matrix and those that reabsorb bone matrix are called?Osteoblasts & Osteoclasts
- 25An diarthrodial joint is?Freely moveable
- 26A synarthrosis joint is?Immoveable
- 27A amphiarthrosis joint is?Slight moveable
- 28The cell type involved in fibrocartilage formation is?Chondroblast
- 29What are the three main type of muscle tissue?Cardiac
Smooth
Skeletal - 30What is the perimysium?Layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds groups of 10-100+ muscle fibres
- 31What generates the striated or striped appearance in some muscle tissue?Arrangement of myofibrils within sarcomere generate alternating dark & light bands
- 32What is the smallest contractile unit in the muscle fibre?Sarcomere
- 33Name the two contractile proteins in skeltal muscle?Actin (thin filament)
Myosin (thick filament) - 34What are Transverse Tubules (T-Tubules)?Tiny invaginations of sarcolemma that tunnel in from sarcolemma toward the centre of each muscle fibre
- 35What type of nerve cells innervate (stimulate) skeletal muscle?Somatic motor neurons
- 36What is the neurotransmitter that triggers a muscle action potential?Acetylcholine released at neuromuscular junction
- 37What is rigor mortis?State of partial contraction of muscles after death due to lack of ATP. Myosin heads remain attached to actin, preventing relaxation.
- 38Name the connective tissue layer covering individual muscle fibre?Endomysium
- 39What is the function of the regulatory proteins troponin and tropomyosin?Regulate contraction of muscle by modulating cross-bridges formation
- 40What is the cation that stimulates that binds to troponin during muscle contraction?Ca2+
- 41Some oxygen may be stored in muscle fibres bonded to the protein as?Myoglobin
- 42The sliding filament theory is used to?Explain shortening of muscle fibres
- 43Structures that meet at the neuromuscular junction are?Axon & sarcolemma
- 44There are 4 characteristics of muscles name them1. Exciteability
2. Contractility
3. Extensibility
4. Elasticity - 45What does excitability do?Ability to recieve and respond to stimuli
- 46What does contractility do?Ability to contract when stimulated
- 47What does extensibility do?Ability to be stretched or extended
- 48What does elasticity do?Ability to recoil to resting length
- 49What are the different shapes of bones?Long
Short
Sutural
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid - 50What are the functions of bonesSupport
Protect
Movement
Mineral homeostasis
Haemopoiesis
Fat storage - 51Name the different bone cellsa) Osteoprogenitor (Osteogenic cells)
b) Osteoblasts
c) Osteocytes
d) Osteoclasts - 52What do osteogenic cells do?Form osteoblasts
- 53What do osteoblasts do?Form new bone
- 54What do osteocytes do?Regulate onset of bone formation & resorption
- 55What do osteocytes do?Destroy bone matrix (chomp)
- 56What do organic bones do?Provide flexibility and strength to bone
- 57What do inorganic bones do?Gives bone strength/hardness
- 58What is the process of bone tissue formation?Ossification (osteogensis)
- 59What are the 2 types of forming bony skeleton?1. Intramembranous ossification
2. Endochondral ossification - 60What are some factors that affect bone growth?Hormones
Minerals
Vitamins
Exercise
Diet - 61What are the 3 types of joints?1. Fibrous joints
2. Cartilaginous joints
3. Synovial joints
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- University Semester One subjects (Final exam - Bioscience) Flashcards on Muscular & skeletal system, created by Sydney Coup on 25/05/2024.
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- Sydney Coup
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