3969515
Description
Flashcards by Josie Capolingua, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Josie Capolingua
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the Alimentary Canal? | A continuous tube that runs from the mouth to the anus. Makes up the digestive system (along with the liver, gall bladder and pancreas). |
| What is digestion? | The process in which nutrients are broken down and absorbed. |
| What are the (2) Types of Digestion? | Mechanical: food broken down mechanically into smaller pieces. Chemical: makeup is changed, creating a new substance. |
| (6) Activities of the Digestive System. | 1. Movement along alimentary canal 2. Ingestion 3. Mechanical Digestion 4. Chemical Digestion 5. Absorption of Nutrients 5. Elimination of wastes |
| Role of the Mouth in digestion. | Mechanical: teeth break down food into smaller parts. Chemical: salivary glands release saliva, dissolving food so it can be tasted, salivary amylase begins carbohydrate breakdown. |
| Name the (4) Types of Teeth. | Incisors: cutting and biting. Canines: tearing. Pre-Molars: grinding and crushing. Molars: grinding and crushing. |
| What muscles make up the oesophagus? | Longitudinal and Circular Muscles. These muscles contract together to move food (bolus) down the oesophagus. Known as peristalisis. |
| What type of digestion occurs in the oesophagus? | No digestion occurs in the oesophagus. It's prime purpose is to carry food from the mouth to the stomach. |
| Mechanical Digestion in the Stomach. | Longitudinal, circular and oblique muscles contract to churn food into liquid chyme. |
| Chemical Digestion in the Stomach. | Lining of the stomach contains gastric glands, secrete gastric juice, killing pathogens. Gastric juice contains pepsin, starting protein digestion. |
| Mechanical Digestion in the Small Intestine. | Contractions of Small Intestine break food down further. Bile (secreted by liver) emulsifies fats to form smaller globules. |
| Chemical Digestion in the Small Intestine. | Intestinal juices (enzyme secreted by small intestine glands) and pancreatic juice (enzyme secreted by pancreas) continues chemical digestion of nutrients. |
| Carbohydrate breakdown. | Salivary amylase in mouth: carbohydrates into polysaccharides. Pancreatic amylase in small intestine: polysaccharides into disaccharides. Amylases in small intestine: disaccharides into monosaccharides (glucose). (Amylases secreted by intestine.) |
| Protein breakdown. | Gastric pepsin in the stomach: proteins into polypeptides. Pancreatic protease in small intestine: polypeptides into dipeptides. Peptidases in small intestine: dipeptides into amino acids. (Peptidases secreted by intestine). |
| Lipid breakdown. | Pancreatic lipases and lipases in small intestine: lipids into fatty acids and glycerol. (Lipases secreted by small intestine). |
| Absorption in the Small Intestine. | Nutrients are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine after chemical digestion is complete. Large surface area makes for efficient absorption. |
| (4) Ways Small Intestine achieves large surface area. | 1. Very long - 6m. 2. Inner lining (mucosa). 3. Villi. 4. Projections on the villi (microvilli). |
| (4) Ways the Villi is suited to its function. | 1. Small - 1mm. 2. One cell thick. 3. Lacteal surrounded by blood capillaries. 4. Movement enhances absorption. |
| How are Amino Acids absorbed into the Villi? | Active Transport into blood capillaries. |
| How are Fatty Acids and Glycerol absorbed into the Villi? | Simple diffusion. Recombine to form fats, tiny fat droplets enter the lacteal. |
| How are Simple Sugars absorbed into the Villi? | Active Transport. Through the cells on the outside of the villi into the blood capillaries. |
| What is the Large Intestine? | A 1.5m long structure at the end of the digestive system. No digestion occurs. Bacteria breaks down organic compounds that remain. Semi-solid material is left after absorption. |
| What does Faeces contain? | Water, undigested food material, bacteria, bile pigments and the remainder of cells. |
| What is Elimination? | The process that describes the removal of faeces from the body. |
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