Chapter 11 - Musculoskeletal System (MUSCLES).

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Western Australian Certificate of Education (WACE) Human Biology Flashcards on Chapter 11 - Musculoskeletal System (MUSCLES)., created by Josie Capolingua on 07/11/2015.
Josie Capolingua
Flashcards by Josie Capolingua, updated more than 1 year ago
Josie Capolingua
Created by Josie Capolingua over 8 years ago
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Question Answer
(3) Types of Muscles. 1. Skeletal. 2. Smooth. 3. Cardiac.
Define Skeletal Muscles. Muscles that are attached to bones. They are consciously controlled to produce a desired movement.
Define Smooth Muscles. Involuntary muscles. They contract subconsciously to maintain body functions.
Define Cardiac Muscles. Involuntary muscle. Contracts subconsciously to pump blood in the heart into arteries.
The (2) Qualities of Muscles. Elasticity: can return to their original shape. Extensibility: can be stretched.
How are Skeletal Muscles structured? Held together by bundles. These bundles consist of muscle cells. Around the cell is sarcolemma. Sarcolemma contains sarcoplasm. Cylindrical cells are called muscle fibres. Within each sarcoplasm are myofibrils.
What is the order of organisation of Skeletal Muscle? Muscle Belly contains Bundles. Within Bundles are Muscle Fibres. Within Muscle Fibres are Myofibril.
Structure of Myofibril. Composed of smaller myofilaments, made of a protein that contracts muscles. Thick myofilament: myosin. Thin myofilament: actin. Arrangement of thick and thin myofilaments give skeletal muscle a banded effect.
1. Sarcomere. 2. Z Band. 3. H Zone. 4. I Band. 5. A Band. 6. Actin. 7. Myosin.
Explain the Sliding Filament Model. When muscles contract, the sarcomeres shorten. Z Lines: draw closer together, sarcomere shortens, also shortening the H Zone and I Band. (when actin and myosin slide over each other). Shortening of sarcomere results in the contraction of the muscles.
Where does the energy required for muscle contractions come from? ATP breakdown in muscle cells. (ATP breaks down into ADP+P, producing energy).
What are tendons? Fibrous, inelastic, connective tissue. Connects muscle to bone.
What are Antagonist Pairs? The coordination of paired muscles to provide a body movement. Antagonist pairs have opposite effects.
What is an example of an Antagonist Pair? The Biceps and Triceps. When the bicep contracts and shortens, the tricep will relax, the arm will then flex.
Origin. The muscle that is fixed to the stationary bone is the origin.
Insertion. The muscle that is fixed to the moveable bone.
Belly. The fleshy part of the muscle between the origin and insertion.
Agonist. Prime mover. The muscle that creates the desired action.
Antagonist. The muscle that relaxes to create the desired movement.
What are Synergist Muscles? Muscles that assist the prime mover. Produce the same movements as the prime mover and stabilise the joint.
What is Muscle Tone? When muscles maintain partial contraction. Caused by different muscles contracting, at any time, while others relax. Posture is dependent on muscle tone.
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