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Flashcards

CE 100 3rd Assessment

Cassy Rivera English 84 cards

CE 100 3rd Assessment

Cards in this deck (84)

  1. 1Civil and construction engineers must be familiar with materials used in the construction of a wide range of structures. Materials most frequently used include steel, aggregate, concrete, masonry, asphalt, and wood. Materials used to a lesser extent include aluminum, glass, plastics, and fiber-reinforced composites.Materials Engineering Concepts
  2. 2Fiber-reinforced concreteMaterials Engineering Concepts
  3. 3Conventional Portland cement concreteMaterials Engineering Concepts
  4. 4Materials Engineering Concepts “When engineers select the material for a specific application, they must consider the various criteria and make compromises. Both the client and the purpose of the facility or structure dictate, to a certain extent, the emphasis that will be placed on the different criteria.”Note
  5. 5are responsible for the selection, specification, and quality control of materials to be used in a construction project.Materials engineers
  6. 6These materials must meet certain classes of criteria or materials properties (Ashby and Jones 2005).Materials engineers
  7. 7These classes of criteria include:Economic factors
    Mechanical properties
    Non-mechanical properties
    Production/construction considerations
    Aesthetic properties
    Sustainable design
    Environmental quality
  8. 8The ________ of the material selection process are affected by much more than just the cost of the material. Factors that should be considered in the selection of the material include: ■ availability and cost of raw materials ■ manufacturing costs ■ transportation ■ placing ■ maintenanceEconomic Factors
  9. 9All materials deteriorate over time and with use. This deterioration affects both the maintenance cost and the useful life of the structure. The rate of deterioration varies among materials.Economic Factors
  10. 10Thus, in analyzing the economic selection of a material, the ____________ should be evaluated in addition to the initial costs of the structure.life cycle cost
  11. 11The _________ behavior of materials is the response of the material to external loads. All materials deform in response to loads; however, the specific response of a material depends on its properties, the magnitude and type of load, and the geometry of the element.Mechanical Properties
  12. 12refer to characteristics of the material, other than load response, that affect selection, use, and performance. There are several types of properties that are of interest to engineers, but those of the greatest concern to civil engineers are density, thermal properties, and surface characteristics.Non-mechanical properties
  13. 13Even if a material is well suited to a specific application, ____________ may block the selection of the material. Production considerations include the availability of the material and the ability to fabricate the material into the desired shapes and required specifications. Construction considerations address all the factors that relate to the ability to fabricate and erect the structure on site.production and construction considerations
  14. 14a material refer to the appearance of the material. Generally, these characteristics are the responsibility of the architect. However, the civil engineer is responsible for working with the architect to ensure that the aesthetic characteristics of the facility are compatible with the structural requirements.Aesthetic Characteristics
  15. 15is the philosophy of designing physical objects, the built environment and services to comply with the principles of economic, social, and ecological sustainability. Specifically, civil and construction engineers should be concerned with design and construction decisions which are sensitive to both the current and future needs of society.Sustainable Design
  16. 16used to evaluate the sustainability of a project. Elements of the project are rated in several areas. Based on the cumulative rating the project is awarded a status of Certified, Silver, Gold or Platinum. For new construction and major renovations the rating areas include: Sustainable sites ■ Water efficiency ■ Energy and atmosphere ■ Materials and resources ■ Indoor environmental quality ■ Innovation in design ■ Regional priorityThe LEED rating system
  17. 17are one of the most important factors in supporting the socio-economic development in the country. It could generate downstream economic activities and completely enhance productivity and competitiveness in the Construction industry.Construction infrastructure projects
  18. 18Overview of the Construction Industry 6% of GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
     Employs over 2,000,000 workers
     Annual Volume exceeds Ph238 billion
     Vital to the Nation’s economic health
    and quality of life
  19. 19is the act, process, or manner of building, constructing, or forming something which requires the application of special engineering and/or architectural knowledge and skills and involving the use of specialized building trades or crafts.Construction
  20. 20The primary goal of the construction project management team is to complete the projects as specified according to plans, on _____, within the ________ and achieve the best _______ level required by the contractschedule, budget, quality
  21. 21COST QUALITY TIMEConstruction
    Project
    Management
    System
  22. 22Types – Single family houses – Multi family dwellings – High-rise apartments & condominiums 30-35% of the industry Low capital and technology requirementsResidential
  23. 23Largely private Often speculative Developers = surrogate owners Designed by architects, builders/developersResidential
  24. 24Institutional and Commercial Construction – Schools and universities – Medical clinics and hospitals – Recreational facilities and sports stadiumsBuilding Construction
  25. 25– Retail stores and shopping centers – Warehouses and light manufacturing – Office buildings (single story to sky scrappers) – Hotels, convention centers, and theatersBuilding Construction
  26. 26Institutional and Commercial Construction – Churches – Synagogues – Prisons – Courthouses – other government buildingsBuilding Construction
  27. 2735-40 % of construction market Larger and more complex than residential Various owners (mostly private) Designed by architects and engineersBuilding Construction
  28. 28Horizontal Construction 20-25% of the construction industry Mostly public financing or large consortiumHeavy Highway Construction
  29. 29Highway & BridgesHeavy Construction
  30. 30Railroads & Urban Transit SystemsHeavy Construction
  31. 31Tunnels. Dams, Canals,Ports and Harbors, AirportsHeavy Construction
  32. 32Pipelines and Sewer Systems Water treatment & distribution systemsHeavy Construction
  33. 33Power & communication networksHeavy Construction
  34. 34Mass quantities of basic materials: earth, rock, steel, timber, and concrete Contructors need knowledge of engineering and geology Engineers and builders are often specializedHeavy Construction
  35. 35Greatest impact on land and water High degree of mechanization Contracts awarded through competitive biddingHeavy Construction
  36. 36Very large scale projects High degree of technological complexity Designed and built by the largest firms with the highest level of technical sophistication Represent 5-10% of the marketIndustrial Construction
  37. 37Petroleum refineries Steel mills & aluminum plants Chemical processing plantsIndustrial Construction
  38. 38Fossil fuel & nuclear power plants Other heavy manufacturing facilitiesIndustrial Construction
  39. 39Complex mechanical systems, process piping, and instrumentation Civil, but also mechanical, chemical, and electrical engineering disciplines involved Mostly private ownership (in western countries)Industrial Construction
  40. 40Negotiated contracts are typical “Turnkey” contract arrangements are common Design-constructor must be intimately familiar with the technology and operations of the facilityIndustrial Construction
  41. 41• Private or public • Conceives the construction project • Increasing level of sophisticationOwner / Client
  42. 42consist of national and local government agencies or units tasked to implement construction projects intended either for public use (roads, bridges, ports, dams, parks, and similar works) or for public service(government buildings and other facilities or structures for the development of the national wealth).Public owners
  43. 43on the other hand, are non- governmental entities requiring services for residential, commercial, and/or industrial construction.Private owners
  44. 44• Architects  Size of firms ranging form single practitioner to large integrated firms  Mostly building and residential construction • Engineers  Civil, mechanical, structural, electrical, chemical, environmental, geotechechnical, and multidisciplineDesigner
  45. 45• General contractor also called “Prime” contractor • Specialty contractors working as subcontractors • Organization ranges from small, one-person company to large, integrated A/E/C firms • Part of a design-build teamGeneral Contractor
  46. 46 Two principle divisions of CM • CM for Fee (management services only) • CM At Risk – Operates similarly to a GC with no labor or capital equipment • Can encompass the management of the design process as well as construction • CM services including inspection and overall project or program managementConstruction Manager
  47. 47 Manufactures, distributors, research, promotions  Materials and equipment sales  Equipment RentalSuppliers
  48. 48 Structural steel, pre-castors, wood productsFabricators
  49. 49are those whose primary function is to provide (either by contract or by direct administration) the necessary public works or facilities within their areas of responsibility.Government -
    Infrastructure Agencies
  50. 50The bulk of public construction projects are implemented by three major infrastructure agencies:1. Department of Public Works and
    Highways (DPWH),
    2. Department of Transportation
    and Communication (DOTC), and
    3. Department of Energy (DOE).
  51. 51Under these three agencies are several offices and government corporations also classified as infrastructure agencies. These include the:National Power Corporation (NPC)
    National Irrigation Administration(NIA)
    National Electrification Administration
    (NEA)
    Philippine Ports Authority (PPA)
    Local Water and Utilities
    Administration (LWUA)
    Bureau of Air Transportation (BAT),
    Philippine National Railways (PNR),
    Light Railways Transit Authority
    (LRTA).
    National Housing Authority (NHA).
    Most of these agencies have decentralized
    organizational structures which allow for
    infrastructure planning and delivery at the
    regional and district levels.
  52. 52 Electric, communications, water, gas, sanitary sewer  Private petroleum pipelines  Owner or service provider  Integral part of the process  Existing facilities in conflict with new construction  Interruption of service can be very costlyUtility Companies
  53. 53 Organizations of construction contractors  Organizations of the design and management professions  Construction material and equipment suppliers and product research  Construction labor organizations  Coordination and arbitration  Inspection, specifications, and costsIndustry Associations
  54. 54is a discipline that applies control theory to design systems with desired behaviours.Control Engineering
  55. 55The practice uses sensors to measure the output performance of the device being controlled (often a vehicle) and those measurements can be used to give feedback to the input actuators that can make corrections toward desired performance.Control Engineering
  56. 56The common application of control system in civil engineering is on ______.transportation
    engineering
  57. 57Congestion, delays, emissions, discomfort, health risks, higher fuel and operating costs, etc.Sustainable Transportation: Solution
    to Issues in Transport System
  58. 58—Sustainable Transportation: Multi
    Criteria Qualitative Definition    Sustainable Transportation: Multi Criteria Qualitative Definition
  59. 59—Sustainable Transportation
    Hierarchy    Sustainable Transportation Hierarchy
  60. 60—Corridor Capacity
    (people per hour on 3.5 m wide lane in a city)    Corridor Capacity (people per hour on 3.5 m wide lane in a city)
  61. 61—How far can people travel on
    1 ton of CO2?    How far can people travel on 1 ton of CO2?
  62. 62—The Avoid-Shift-Improve
    Paradigm    The Avoid-Shift-Improve Paradigm
  63. 63 Intelligent Transport System (ITS): uses advanced information and communications technology (ICT) for users roads and vehicles  integrated application of advanced technologies using electronics, computers, communications and advanced sensors, GIS, use of geospatial informationICT for Efficient Transportation
    Systems: INTRODUCTION
  64. 64 applications provide travelers with important information while improving the safety and efficiency of transportation systems  ITS has played increasingly important part in providing viable answer to improve quality of transport systemICT for Efficient Transportation
    Systems: INTRODUCTION
  65. 65—ICT for Efficient Bus Service
    Management: Korea    ICT for Efficient Bus Service Management: Korea
  66. 66—ICT for Efficient Bus Service
    Management: Korea    ICT for Efficient Bus Service Management: Korea
  67. 67—ICT for Efficient Mobility: USICT for Efficient Mobility: US
  68. 68 Use ITS & GIS as a viable solution in enhancing road transport efficiency, reducing congestion and travel time by means of integrated intelligent traffic management  UNIVEMS: Unified Video and Event Management SystemICT for Managing Metropolitan
    Congestion: Kuala Lumpur
  69. 69UNIVEMS: centralized platform providing monitoring, control and management tools for large scale, multimodal transportation networkICT for Managing Metropolitan
    Congestion: Kuala Lumpur
  70. 70 UNIVEMS: explicitly designed with open and modular architecture where it can dynamically integrate with other subsystems in the transportation network, such as roadside CCTV, traffic light controller, variable message board, road operator and authoritiesICT for Managing Metropolitan
    Congestion: Kuala Lumpur
  71. 71gives transportation planners powerful tools for analysis and display, integrating with travel-demand forecasting modelsGIS for Transportation
    Planning & Modeling:
  72. 72helps better visualize and understand locations with high numbers of accidents and their causesGIS for Transportation
    Planning & Modeling:
  73. 73is uniquely capable of assisting management to carefully consider impact that transportation activities have on the environment and select the most environmentally sensitive solutionsGIS for Transportation
    Planning & Modeling:
  74. 74Use of ICT and GIS for sustainable system has been very helpful to assist transport planners and authorities to build efficient and sustainable transportation systemsNote
  75. 75the capacity of the earth’s natural systems and human cultural systems to survive, flourish, and adapt to changing environmental conditions into the very long-term futureSustainability
  76. 76A transition in human attitudes toward the environment, and a shift in behavior, can lead to a much better future for the planet in the futurewho?
  77. 77environmental engineering concepts to the next level by looking at the interactions between technical, ecological, social and economic systems and by avoiding shifting problems from one area to the other.SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING
  78. 78Concepts such as life cycle thinking, industrial ecology and sustainable systems engineering are important elements in the education and work practice of a sustainable engineer.SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING
  79. 79are high performance structures that also meet certain standards for reducing natural resource consumptionGreen Building
  80. 80Is characterized by:  “efficient management of energy and water resources  management of material resources and waste  restoration and protection of environmental quality  enhancement and protection of health and indoor environmental quality  reinforcement of natural systems  analysis of the life cycle costs and benefits of materials and methods  integration of the design decision-making processGreen Building
  81. 81Natural Ventilation, Recycled and Rapidly Renewable Materials, Water Efficiency, Green RoofGreen Building
  82. 82Thermal Comfort, Daylight and ViewsIndoor Environmental Quality
  83. 83Construction Management Plan • Construction Waste Management • Divert 50 – 75% from a landfill • Resource Reuse • 5 – 10% of materials used are salvaged, refurbished, or reused materials, products and furnishingsGreen Building
  84. 84 Increased flexibility to allow for longer building life and reuse of materials  Improved building performance  Increased revenue (higher rents/sales price, improved productivity, fewer/shorter vacancies)  Lower cost (utilities, costs of conversion)Advantages of Green Building

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Flashcards on CE 100 3rd Assessment, created by Cassy Rivera on 25/11/2024.
Created by
Cassy Rivera · Nov 2024
Updated
Nov 25, 2024
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