Flashcards
scince
Cards in this deck (19)
- 1What is the function of the digestive system?The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients that the body can absorb and use for energy.
- 2Name the major organs involved in digestion and describe their functionsMouth (chewing and mixing with saliva), Esophagus (transports food), Stomach (mixes food with acid and enzymes), Small intestine (absorbs nutrients), Large intestine (absorbs water), Rectum (stores feces), Anus (eliminates waste).
- 3What happens to large food molecules during digestion?Large molecules are broken into smaller molecules by enzymes so they can be absorbed into the blood.
- 4Define peristalsis and explain its role in digestion.Peristalsis is the wave-like muscle contraction that moves food through the digestive system.
- 5Describe the role of the small intestine in absorbing nutrients.The small intestine absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream for use in the body.
- 6What is the function of villi in the small intestine?Villi increase the surface area for absorption and contain capillaries for nutrient transport.
- 7How does fiber in the diet help the digestive system?Fiber helps move food through the gut and prevents constipation.
- 8What is the function of the rectum and anus in digestion?The rectum stores feces, and the anus controls its release from the body.
- 9Explain how food moves from the mouth to the stomach.Food is chewed in the mouth, moves down the esophagus through peristalsis, and reaches the stomach.
- 10What is the role of enzymes in digestion?Enzymes break down large food molecules into smaller ones for absorption.
- 11Explain the function of the following enzymes: Carbohydrase Protease LipaseCarbohydrase breaks down carbohydrates into sugar molecules; Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids; Lipase breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.
- 12What is the function of bile in digestion?Bile breaks down fats into smaller droplets to help lipase digest them more easily.
- 13Why are enzymes described as biological catalysts?Enzymes speed up chemical reactions in digestion without being used up.
- 14How does temperature affect enzyme activity?Enzymes work best at an optimal temperature. Too high temperatures can denature them, stopping their function.
- 15How does pH influence enzyme activity?Enzymes have an optimal pH. If the pH is too high or too low, the enzyme can become denatured and lose its function.
- 16How do bacteria in the large intestine help with digestion?. Bacteria help digest fiber, produce vitamins, and support gut health.
- 17Why is probiotic food, such as yogurt, beneficial for digestion?Probiotic foods contain good bacteria that support digestion and gut health.
- 18Explain the difference between good and harmful bacteria in digestion.Good bacteria aid digestion and vitamin production, while harmful bacteria can cause infections.
- 19Describe the role of bacteria in producing vitamins in the digestive system.Bacteria in the gut produce vitamins like vitamin K, which is important for health.