Flashcards
Chemistry | Bonding
Cards in this deck (25)
- 1Ion (def)A particle that has lost or gained an electron and therefore has a charge, formed through ionic bonding
- 2Ionic bonding (key points)-Between metals and non-metals
-Lose or gain electrons
-Forms ions
-Electrostatic attraction - 3Covalent bonding (key points)-Between 2 non-metals
-Atoms share electrons
-Electron pairs
-No charge - 4Covalent bond (example)-CO2
-O2
-CH4
-H2O - 5Metallic bonding (key points)-Delocalised electrons (free-flowing)
-Lattice structure
-Between 2 metals
-Weakest type of bonds - 6Metallic bond (example)-Brass (copper and zinc)
-Steel (iron and carbon)
-Sodium (multiple atoms) - 7What is the weakest type of bond?Metallic
- 8In ionic bonding, will metals become negatively or positively charged?Positive
- 9What type of bond is MgO2?Ionic
- 10Give an example of a giant covalent bond-Diamond
-Graphite - 11Give an example of a metallic bond with only one element-Sodium
-Magnesium
-Aluminium - 12What type of bonds use electrostatic attractions to hold together particles?Ions / Ionic bonding
- 13Electrostatic attractions (def)Strong force between opposite charges that holds together ions in ionic bonding
- 14What are the free-moving electrons in metallic bonds called?Delocalised electrons
- 15What compound will Sodium and chloride form?-Sodium chloride
-NaCl - 16Why are noble gases unreactive?They have a full outer shell, so they do not react because they do not need to gain or lose any electrons
- 17What compound will calcium and fluorine make? What type of bond will it form?-Calcium fluoride
-CaF2
-Ions/ionic bonding - 18What charge are electrons, protons and neutrons?-E: negative
-P: positive
-N: no charge - 19Explain why particles become ions after ionic bondingIons are charged particles. Electrons are negatively charged and protons are positively charged. During ionic bonding the atom loses/gains electrons but not protons. This results in a charge because the number of protons is no longer equal to the number of electrons, so the overall charge is not balanced.
- 20Will a bromine ion be positively or negatively charged and why?Negative (-1) because it is a non-metal in group 7, so will gain 1 negatively charged electron.
- 21In ionic bonding, why is group 7 more reactive than group 5?Group 7 only needs to gain 1 electron, which is easier than having to gain 3 because it requires less energy. Elements in group 5 have 5 electrons in their outer shell so they need to gain 3.
- 22Why is francium more reactive than lithium?-Francium is bigger and has more shells than lithium.
-That means the electron in its outer shell is further from the nucleus and has less energy.
-Because it is a metal it has to lose this electron, and the electron is easier to lose with less energy. - 23How many electron pairs are in N2?3
- 24Give an example of an ionic bond-MgO (magnesium oxide)
-NaCl (sodium chloride)
-KI (potassium iodide) - 25Do group 4 elements form ions?No, elements in group 4 mostly form covalent bonds instead of ionic bonds.
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- Three main types of bonding and their key points
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- Poppy .
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