4040088
Flashcards by Mary Mikhail, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Mary Mikhail
over 5 years ago
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Description
| Question | Answer |
| Anatomy and Physio review | - dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, is produced in the substantia nigra --> these neurons supple dopamine to the basal nuclei - basal nuclei = gray matter within white matter in the cerebrum - there must be a balance between dopamine and ACTH in order for balance and posture to be maintained and for muscle tone and involuntary muscle movement to remain "normal" |
| Anatomy and Physio review | - in Parkinson's disease, destruction of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra results in lowered dopamine ---> basal nuclei now does not have enough dopamine to carry out their usual functions - acetylcholine now takes over |
| what are the goals of antiparkinsonism drugs? | to restore the balance of dopamine and acetylcholine in specific regions of the brain (basal nuclei) that control unconscious muscle movement. |
| Groups of Parkinsonism Drugs | a) dopaminergic drugs b) anticholinergic drugs |
| Dopaminergic Drugs | - the goal of dopaminergic drugs is restore dopamine levels in the basal ganglia (carbidopa-levodapa) - levodopa causes increased synthesis of dopamine within the axon terminals |
| Dopaminergic drugs | - carbidopa and levodopa acts outside the CNS to decrease the metabolism of the levodopa to dopamine and so makes more levodopa available to enter the CNS |
| Adjunct drugs in the group | - drugs that inhibit enzymes that destroy levodopa and dopamine - dopamine agonists - antiviral agents - COMT inhibitors |
| Dopamine agonists | directly activate the dopamine receptor |
| Antiviral agents | causes the release of dopamine from the axon terminals |
| COMT Inhibitors | increase the concentrations of existing dopamine in the brain |
| Anticholinergic drugs - mechanism of action | block the ACTH neurotransmitter in the brain and thus inhibit the overactivity of ACTH in the corpus striatum |
| Anticholinergic drugs - uses | used for clients who cannot tolerate levodopa |
| Anticholinergic drugs - side effects | this drug leads to decreased ACTH activity --> leads to anti-parasympathetic effects, such as dry mouth, constipation, tachycardia, blurred vision, urinary retention |