Flashcards
Vision in depth
Cards in this deck (15)
- 1what are Photoreceptorsspecialized cells in the retina of the eye that detect light and convert it into electrical signals for the brain to interpret as vision.
- 2photoreceptors in Josh's casewalks down the hallway without turning on the lights:
His rods are primarily active, helping him see in the dark.
They allow him to detect shapes, movement, and contrast, even though he can’t see color or fine detail.
His cones are mostly inactive due to the low light. - 3what is the optic nervepathway that carries visual information from the retina in the eye to the brain. It’s made up of the axons of retinal ganglion cells, which receive input from photoreceptors (rods and cones).
- 4optic nerve in josh's caseEven though Josh walks in the dark and doesn’t rely heavily on vision:
His optic nerve still carries any available visual input (e.g., faint light or shadows). - 5optic chiasmstructure located at the base of the brain, just in front of the hypothalamus.
allows for cross-communication between both eyes and both brain hemispheres.
It’s essential for depth perception, field of view, and coordinated visual processing. - 6optic chiasm in josh's caseIn Josh’s case, it supports any available visual input that complements his proprioceptive and vestibular systems.
The optic chiasm ensures that his brain receives a complete and coordinated view of his surroundings.
This helps with spatial awareness, even if vision is limited. - 7lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)a relay center in the thalamus that receives visual information from the optic tract and sends it to the primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe.
key part of the visual pathway, acting as a bridge between the eyes and the brain’s visual processing areas. - 8lateral geniculate nucleus in josh's caseEven though Josh is walking in the dark:
Any available light (e.g., moonlight or hallway glow) is detected by his retinal photoreceptors.
The signals travel through the visual pathway to the LGN.
The LGN helps process and relay this information to the visual cortex, allowing Josh to detect shapes, movement, or contrast — even if he can’t see clearly.
helps Josh’s brain organize and interpret what his eyes detect.
Even in low light, it contributes to spatial awareness and safe movement. - 9primary visual cortexlocated in the occipital lobe at the back of the brain. It’s the first cortical area to receive visual input from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus.
- 10primary visual cortex in josh's caseThe primary visual cortex helps Josh:
Detect shapes, movement, or edges in low light.
Maintain spatial awareness.
Coordinate visual input with balance and proprioception. - 11Visual association areasurrounds the primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe and extends into parts of the temporal and parietal lobes.
interprets and gives meaning to the raw visual data received from the primary visual cortex. - 12visual association area in josh's caseThe visual association area helps him:
Recognize the shape of the hallway
Identify familiar objects or obstacles
Understand where he is in space based on visual memory
Coordinate visual input with movement, balance, and touch
Even with limited light, the visual association area helps Josh make sense of what he sees, even if it’s just vague outlines or contrasts. - 13There are two main types of photoreceptors, what are they? what is their purpose? hint: 2Rods
Sensitive to low light
Provide black-and-white vision
Crucial for night vision and peripheral vision
Cones
Work in bright light
Detect color (red, green, blue)
Provide sharp, detailed vision - 14how does the optic nerve work?axons of ganglion cells bundle together to form the optic nerve.
The optic nerve transmits the signals from the photoreceptors to the optic chiasm, where some fibers cross to the opposite side. - 15How does the LGN work?The LGN:
Organizes visual input by separating it into layers (e.g., motion, color, detail).
Filters and refines the information.
Sends it to the primary visual cortex for conscious visual perception.
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- Year 1 Physiotherapy Josh's case Flashcards on Vision in depth , created by Carmen de Villiers on 25/10/2025.
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- Carmen de Villiers
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