4111895
Description
Flashcards by Niye Aihie, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Niye Aihie
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| tissue | a tissue is a group of similar cells that are modified (or adapted) to carry out the same function(s). |
| four main types of plant tissues | dermal, vascular, ground and meristematic |
| dermal tissue | dermal tissue is normally a single layer of cells that surrounds the different parts of a plant. epidermis is one type of dermal tissue. |
| dermal tissue: location | location: dermal tissue (or epidermis) is like the skin on a plant. epidermis is found as a covering on leaves, stems and roots. |
| dermal tissue: description | description: epidermis cells are living, rectangular cells. they often have a slightly thickened cell wall. sometimes they have a waterproof layer, called a cuticle, on it's outer surface. |
| dermal tissue: function | function: the main function of dermal tissue is to protect the plant. if a cuticle is present the dermal tissue has the secondary function of preventing water loss. |
| vascular tissue: | vascular tissue transports material around the plant.it is a complex tissue because it has two types of cells: xylem and phloem. |
| xylem: description | description: xylem consists of hollow tubes that run continuously from the roots, up through the stem into the leaves. |
| xylem: function | function: the main function of xylem is to transport water (and dissolved minerals) throughout the plant. a second function of xylem is to provide support in woody plants (xylem forms the wood in trees) |
| phloem: description | description: phloem is also consisted of tube-like structures. it is found in the leaves, stems and roots of a plant. |
| phloem: function | function: the function of the phloem is to transport food from the leaves to the other parts of a plant. |
| four main types of animal tissue: | epithelial, muscular, connective and nervous. |
| epithelial tissue and muscular tissue | epithelial tissue: covers the internal and external surfaces of the body. muscular tissue: can contract and is found in muscles and many internal organs. |
| connective tissue: description | description: connective tissue consists of a number of cells spread out in a matrix (or material) that is produced by the connective cells. connective tissue joins and supports other body structures. examples are adipose tissue (which stores fat e.g under the skin), cartilage, bone and blood |
| connective tissue: example | example: blood is a connective tissue because it consists of red cells, white cells and platelets suspended in a matrix called plasma. red cells carry oxygen, white cells defend the body and platelets clots the blood. |
| nervous tissue: description | description: nervous tissue is composed of nerve cells called neurons |
| nervous tissue: function | function: neurons are adapted to carry electrical impulses to and from the brain and spinal cord. |
| tissue culture (definition) | tissue culture is the growth of cells in or on a sterile nutrient medium outside an organism. |
| the process of tissue culture is very similar to what? | answer: cell culture |
| in tissue culture, what is grown? in cell culture, what are grown? | in tissue culture, groups of cells (tissues) are grown. in cell culture, isolated cells are grown outside the organism. |
| what is in vitro? | in vitro: the growth of cells outside the body in an artificial environment is called in vitro growth. |
| what is in vivo? | in vivo: the growth of cells inside the body is called in vivo growth. |
| briefly summarise the process of tissue culture. | tissue culture generally works on the basis that a sample of tissue is removed from a plant or animal. this tissue sample is grown in glassware or in a bath or bioreactor, under carefully controlled conditions. |
| what is a major consideration in tissue culture? | a major consideration in tissue culture is the need to prevent micro-organisms from growing in the bioreactor. |
| what else is required for a successful tissue culture? | successful tissue culture also requires the correct nutrients. these include an energy source such as glucose, chemicals to stimulate growth such as growth regulator or hormones, along with vitamins and minerals. |
| what is micropropagation? | micropropagation is the growth of large numbers of plants from very small plant pieces. often simply from plant cells or tissues. |
| what is a callus? | a callus is a clump of similar cells |
| benefits of micropropagation (3) | 1. a large number of cells is produced in a small amount of time. 2.plants produced in this way are genetically identical. 3.it is a inexpensive way of producing lots of similar plants. |
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