Flashcards
Sleep and Wakefulness
Cards in this deck (22)
- 1What are the theories for why we sleep? (4)1. Conservation of Metabolic Energy
2. Cognition
3. Thermoregulation
4. Neural Maturation/Mental Health - 2Two main reasons why we sleep1. Circadian Reasons
2. Homeostatic Reasons - 3Sleep follows what kind of pattern and how is it modulated?Circadian Pattern through external timing cues (light via retinohypothalamic tract)
- 4What factors are increased during sleep? (2)1. Growth Hormone and the beginning of sleep
2. Cortisol right before awakening - 5What factors are decreased during sleep? (3)1. Alertness
2. Body Temperature
3. Circulating Potassium Levels - 6In the absence of light and dark, are cues pertaining to time required for circadian rhythms to be present?No, Circadian Rhythms are "free running"
- 7What pathway transmits light cues to the hypothalamus?The Retinohypothalamic Tract
- 8What nucleus in the hypothalamus is responsible for circandian rhythms/phenomena?Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
- 9What cells contain the special pigment and what is the pigment?1. Special Ganglion Cells in the Retina
2. Melanopsin - 10Is the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus responsible for sleep timing or sleep induction?Sleep Timing
- 11Can circadian rhythms be reset?Yes
- 12Where is Melatonin synthesized?The Pineal Gland
- 13SCN modulation of melatonin production is subject to what kind of influence?Sympathetic Adrenergic Influence
- 14As age increases, what happens to the level of melatonin synthesis?It decreases
- 15What is the pathway for SCN control over melatonin production?1. Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
2. Paraventricular Nucleus
3. IMLCC
4. SCG
5. Pineal Gland - 16Transection of the brainstem just below the rostral RAS does what to sleep?Decreases Sleep
- 17Wakefulness EEG waves have what characteristics?Irregular,High-Frequency, Low-Amplitude Spikes
- 18Sleep EEG waves have what characteristics?Regular, Low-Frequency, High-Amplitude Spikes
- 19Surface EEG measurements involve which neuronal activity?1. Cortical Pyramidal Neurons
2. Thalamocortical Inputs onto Cortical Pyramidal Neurons - 20Activity from Thalamic Inputs does what to the cortical EEG patterns?Desynchronizes the cortical EEG
- 21During Sleep, what kind of pattern is seen from Thalamocortical Neurons?Oscillatory Pattern
- 22Stimulation of the Brainstem during Sleep does what to Thalamocortical Neurons?Shifts pattern to "Tonically Active"
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- Doctorate Neuroscience I Flashcards on Sleep and Wakefulness, created by coleman.calva on 02/12/2015.
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