Flashcards
Heart development
Cards in this deck (14)
- 1What are the main stages of formation of the heart tube?Lateral mesoderm spitts-Somatic and Splanchnic
Splitting forms pericardial cavity
Precardiac mesoderm found in splanchnic mesoderm-heart forming regions
During lateral folding, HFR fuse in midline-a continuous sheet of mesoderm
Hypertrophied foregut endoderm releases vascular endothelial growth factor
Vascular tubes grow in mesoderm
Fuse to form endocardial tube=Endocardium
Mesoderm surrounding=myocardium
Mesoderm from coelomic wall forms epiderm - 2What are the 5 heart tube dilations and what do they form?Truncus arteriousus-Aorta and Pulmonary trunk
Bulbus cardis-Smooth part of right+left ventricle
Primitive ventricle-tuberculated right+left ventricle
Primitive atria-Tuberculated right+left atria
Sinus venosus-Smooth part of right atria, coronary sinus and oblique vein to left atria - 3Describe the formation of the aortic-pulmonary septumNeural crest cells migrate and invade Bulbar and Truncal bridges
Bulbar and Truncal bridges wrap around one another
This spinning causes the Truncus arteriousus and Bulbar Cardis to form the AP septum
Forms the Aorta and Pulmonary trunk - 4Describe the stages of development of the Atrial septumSeptum primum from rood to AV cushions
Forament primum forms from free edges to AV cushions
Closes when Septum primum fuses with AV cushins
Foramne secunum forms in centre of Septum primum
To right septum secundum forms
Foramen ovale forms between upper and lower limbs of septum secundum
Forament ovale shunts blood from left to right atrium as embryo
At birth foramen ovale cloeses-increase venous return to left
Later in life septum primum and serpum secundum fuse to form Atrial septum - 5Describe the formation of the AV septumDorsal+Ventral AV cushions fuse to form AV septum
Turns AV canal into left+right AV canal - 6Describe the formation of the Interventricular septumMuscular IV grows from the midline of the floor of the primitive ventricles to the fused AV cushions
- 7What are 5 main congenital heart abnormalities?Ventral septal defect
Atrial septal defect
Teratology of fallot
Patent ductus arteriousus
Coarctation of aorta - 8What is a ventral septal defect?Interventricular septum does not meet thr AV septum
Blood can move from right to left
Can be moderate with little affect
Can also be in different positions along IV septum
Symptoms; breathing quickly, poor weight gain and chest infections
Roughly 25-50% CHD - 9What is atrial septal defect?Septum primum or septum secundum is not present or underdeveloped.
Blood passes from left to right
May be associated with Trisomy 21
If small may have little affect
Can be closed by catheritisation
10% CHD - 10What is Teratology of the fallot?Defect in partitioning of outflow tract
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Stenosis between right vent and pulmonary artery
Overridding aorta
Ventral septal defect
10% CHD - 11What is patent ductus arteriosus?Ductus arteriosus does not split from aorta
May have no early symptoms
May cause pulmonary hypertension
May be cause by hypoxia
Blood flow can reverse-Could cause cyanosis to lower limbs
25% CHD - 12What is coarctation of aorta?Aorta narrows where ducture arteriosus inserts
Can cuase heart failure in 2-6 weeks
Causes right ventricular hypertrophy
Murmurs and thrills
Decreased femoral pulse
10% CHD - 13What are CHD?Abnormailites in heart development
40% of live birth abnormalities
80-10,000 live births have CHD - 14What causes CHD?4% Genes, 5% Teratogens and 6% Chromosomal abnormalites
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- Flashcards on Heart development, created by Joe carlow on 06/12/2015.
- Created by
- Joe carlow · Dec 2015
- Updated
- Feb 19, 2016
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