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Description
Flashcards by Sukhveer Singh, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sukhveer Singh
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Role of Respiratory System | Ensure: -Adequate intake of Oxygen -Adequate Removal of Carbon Dioxide |
| Lung Structure | |
| Autonomic Nervous System | Sympathetic -Fight or Flight -->Airways/Heart/Vasculature -NA at Adrenoceptors Parasympathetic -Rest and digest -->Airways/Heart/GI Tract -ACh at Muscarinic Receptors |
| Autonomic Nervous System | Sympathetic -Pre: ACh at nAChR -Post: NA at AdrR Parasympathetic -Pre: ACh at nAChR -Post: ACh at mAChR |
| Alpha Adrenoceptors | Alpha-1 eg. Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction Alpha-2 eg. Vascular Smooth Contraction/ Pre-junctional regulation of NA release |
| Beta Adrenoceptors | Beta-1 eg. SA node and ventricles in HR/ Force of Contraction Beta-2 eg. Airway Smooth Muscle Relaxation Beta-3 eg. Skeletal Muscle/ Adipose Tissue |
| Sympathetic Airway Innervation Pathway | -Circulating Adrenaline -->Act on Beta-2 ARs on bronchial smooth muscle (relaxation) -->Inhibit mediator release from mast cells -Beta-2 ARs on mucous glands inhibit secretion -Increased Mucous Clearance |
| Parasympathetic Airway Innervation Pathway | -Release ACh to activate M3 receptors -->Bronchoconstriction -->Increase mucous secretion -Sensory Nerves -->Local reflexes/ Irritant response -->Cause coughing/increased mucus |
| Exercise-Induced Asthma | Water loss stimulates mediator release/activates sensory nerves |
| Sensory nerves | -Inflammation upregulation -Local Control: Cold receptors --> Detect temp change -->Mast Cells/ Epithelium/ Sensory Nerves -->Activate mast cells/produce mucous |
| Causes of Breathlessness | -Congenital Conditions -Infection/Inflammation -Cancer -Psychological -Lung degeneration -Cardiac/ Pulmonary embolism -Side effects of drugs |
| Breathing In | -Diaphragm expands thorax -Pressure decreases -Air flows into airways -Intercostal muscles contract -Ribs move UP and OUT |
| Breathing Out | Rest expiration -Diaphragm relaxes -Ribs fall Forced expiration -Intercostal muscles contract -Ribs move inwards Abdominal muscles contract and reduce thorax vol. |
| Objective Vs Restrictive | Objective -Decreased FEV1:FVC -Normal TLC Restrictive -Normal FEV1:FVC -Decreased TLC |
| Respiratory Acidosis | Reduced lung function =Impaired CO2 expiration -->Drop in pH -->Increased plasma HCO3- |
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