428588
| Question | Answer |
| Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) | The area encircling the earth near the equator where the northeast and southeast trade winds come together |
| Population concentration in Australia | 91% of Australia's population is along the eastern and southeastern coastline |
| Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) | Forum of 21 Pacific Rim countries that seeks to promote free trade and economic cooperation among member economies in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Basin |
| Regional environmental stresses of Australia and Papa New Guinea | -Mining operations -Deforestation -Desertification -Pacific Rim earthquakes -Periodic Australian droughts -Tropical cyclones -Globalization -Global warming -Wildfires |
| IPCC | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change -Aims to provide comprehensive scientific, technical, and socio-economic information worldwide about the risk of climate change caused by human activity whom estimates a 50cm rise in the Pacfic by the year 2100 |
| The case of Kiribati | Staged a relocation of 100,000 peoples to other areas (New Zealand/Australia) although in doing so it made ensuring the sovereignty of a nation difficult because of things like land purchases and the idea of sovereign absentia (still a nation but territory-less) |
| Settler Colonialism | -Colonial formation whereby foreign family units move into a region and reproduce -Aims to displace indigenous populations then occupy the land that is left vacant -Based upon notions of "racial superiority" |
| Biopolitics | A form of political power (emerged in the eighteenth century in Europe) that is exercised on whole populations in every aspect of human life |
| Eugenics | The applied science or the bio-social movement which advocates the use of practices aimed at improving the genetic composition of a population |
| White Australia Policy | Various historical policies that intentionally restricted non-white immigration to Australia between the years 1901 to 1973 |
| Aborigines Act of 1911 | Provided for the custody, maintenance, and education of the children of Aboriginals and to exercise a general supervision and care over all matters affecting the well-being of Aboriginals |
| "The Stolen Generation" | The forced removal of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their families via government agencies and church missions (1909-1969) |
| Panguna Mine | -Operated by subsidiary of UK-based Rio Tinto-Zinc -Immediate environmental damage (600 acres of rainforest) -Significant ecosystem damage over twenty two years of the mine's operation -Labor abuses |
| Bougainville Revolutionary Army | Long term resistance/guerilla warfare against RTZ and PNG |
| El-Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) | A quasi-periodic climate pattern that occurs across the tropical Pacific Ocean about every five years and in 1876-1879 killed 13 million people in India, China, Brazil, and Africa |
| Physiological Distribution in South Asia | -Indus and Ganges plains -Deltas -Coastal lowlands |
| Green Revolution | Agricultural techniques used in developing countries that involve new genetically modified seeds with high yield outputs, combined with high inputs of fertilizers, irrigation techniques, and pesticides |
| India's general economic structure from 1947-1991 | Before 1991 India's GDP per capital was better because -It had a closed market -It did not have social stratification and the caste system -It did not have demands associated with high population |
| Carbaryl/Sevin | A pesticide commonly used throughout Asia whose production requires methyl isocyanate as an intermediary which is a highly toxic irritant that's hazardous to human health and is toxic by inhalation, ingestion, and direct quantities |
| Environmental Justice | A social movement that focuses on the fair and equitable distributions of environmental benefits and burdens (benefits typically going tot he wealthy and burdens typically going to the poor) |
| Positives of the Green Revolution | -Credited with saving over a billion people from starvation -Increasing food security on a global scale -Assisted in the spread of agricultural technologies -Marketization of agriculture |
| Criticisms of the Green Revolution | -Marketization -Corporate influence -Secondary environmental costs |
| Traditional knowledge | Accumulated knowledge passed down through successive generations and not individually owned but rather collectively held |
| Bioprospecting | Scientific research that looks for a useful application, process, or product in nature which involves processes of discovery and commercialization of new products based in biological resources typically in less developed countries |
| Intellectual Property | Property (as an idea, invention, or process) that derives from the work of the mind or intellect |
| Biopiracy | The commercial development of naturally occurring biological materials such as plant substances or genetic cell lines by a technologically advanced country or organization without fair compensation with the people or nations in whose territory the materials were originally discovered |
| The Case of Neem | In 1995 the United States Drug Administration (USDA) and the United States pharmaceutical firm received a patent on extraction technique of neem oil and Indians were concerned it would extend to the properties of the tree itself so the Indian government submits a legal challenge and the pharmaceutical company claims traditional Indian knowledge of the properties of the neem tree had never been published in an academic journal and thus did not amount to prior knowledge but eventually the patent was revoked due to greater outcry in 2000 |
| Aborigine | The ancestors of today's native Australian population |
| Archipelago | Small island groups |
| Maori | Native people of New Zealand |
| Microstate | Tiny overall land areas |
| Oceania | A collection of islands that reach from New Guinea and New Zealand to Hawaii |
| Outback | Australia's huge dry interior |
| Tsunami | Earthquake induced sea waves |
| Viticulture | Grape cultivation |
| British East India Company | The private firm that acted as an arm of the British government |
| Caste System | The strict division of society into different hierarchically ranked hereditary groups |
| Dalit | The untouchabes whom were low-status and not even in the Varna caste system |
| Hindu Nationalism | India's secular political tradition that came under increasing pressure from Hindu fundamentalism (Hindu nationalism) in which Hindu nationalists promote the religious values of Hindism as the essential and fabric of Indian society |
| Indian Diaspora | The migration of large numbers of Indians to foreign countries |
| Linguistic Nationalism | The linking of a specific language with nationalistic goals |
| Maharaja | A king subject to British advisors |
| Monsoon | The distinct seasonal change of wind direction that corresponds to wet and dry periods |
| Mughal Empire | During the 16th and 17th centuries dominated much of the region from its power center in the upper Indus-Ganges Basin |
| Anthropogenic landscape | Landscape heavily transformed by human activity |
| Central Place Theory | Theory which holds the belief that an evenly distributed rural population will give rise to a regular hierarchy of urban places with uniformly spaced larger cities surrounded by constellations of smaller cities each of which in turn will be surrounded by smaller towns |
| Ideographic writing | A system used in East Asia in which each symbol represent an idea rather than a sound |
| Laissez-Faire | French term meaning "let it be" and in economic terms (for instance in Hong Kong's economy) it means great amount of market freedom and little government interference |
| Mandarin | The high officials of imperial China |
| Marxism | "Self-reliance" |
| Pollution Exporting | Because of Japan's high cost of production and its strict environmental laws many Japanese companies have moves their dirtier factories overseas which in effect has partially displaced Japan's pollution to poorer countries |
| Special Economic Zones (SEZ's) | Foreign investment was welcomed and state interference minimal |
| Superconurbation | A huge zone of coalesced metropolitan areas |
| Urban Primacy | Urban population being concentrated in a single city |
| ASEAN | Association of Southeast Asian Nations -A geopolitical and economic organization comprised of ten Southeast Asian countries (all but East Timor) and made up of three pillars: security, social integration, and economic integration |
| Crony capitalism | The president's many friends were granted huge sectors of the economy while those perceived to be enemies had their properties confiscated (Marcos instituted this) |
| Domino Theory | An anti-communist foreign policy theory that used the idea of the domino effect to suggest that if one country “fell” to communism others in neighboring regions would follow in the footsteps and also fall to communism |
| Golden Triangle | One of the main cash crops in opium |
| Khmer Rouge | Cambodian guerillas who were a left wing extremist government based on the ideological foundations of anti-imperialist and anti-capitalist ideas with the purpose of safeguarding Cambodia from western influence |
| Primate cities | Single large urban settlements that overshadow all others |
| Shifted cultivators | Displaced rural migrants |
| Sunda Shelf | Extension of the continental shelf stretching from the mainland through the Java Sea between Java and Boreno |
| Transmigration | When the government helps people move from densely populated to lightly populated parts of the country |
| Effects of the 2004 Sumatra earthquake/tsunami | -Had a 9.1 to 9.3 magnitude -Created tsunamis as high as 30m (98ft) -Death toll estimated to be 230,000 |
| Estimate of climate-change related island inundation by mid-2000s | 2,100 |
| Primary cause of regional deforestation | -Increase population -Greater agricultural activity -Heavy commercial logging due to global market demand |
| Reasons for high RNI in the Philippines | -Catholicism -Birthcontrol |
| Aspects of Khmer Rouge's social engineering policies | Implementations used to rid Cambodia of foreign influence -Confiscated all private property -Outlawed religion -Closed schools, hospitals, and factories (modern institutions) -Abolished banking, finance, and currency -Relocation of urban dwellers to countryside -Attempt to establish a classless society via urban depopulation -Turning Cambodians into "old people" through agricultural labor -To establish idea communist society the Khmer Rouge had to purge the country of corrupting influence by forcing population transfers to agricultural collectives where people worked twelve hours per day which led to famine because these people they made work had no agricultural knowledge or experience |
| Aspects of Khmer Rouge's family policy | Parents were considered to be “compromised by capitalism” so young children were all separated from their parents because children were considered the “dictatorial instruments of the party” so they were brainwashed in reeducation camps and taught torture techniques through the use of animals and handed leadership positions in torture and execution of state enemies |
| Tuol Sleng Detention Centre (S-21) | Site of systemic torture of thousand of people and of the 17,000 passed through its gates between 1975 and 1979 only 12 survived |
| Estimated death toll under Khmer Rouge | Between 1.4 and 2.2 million |
| China's "One Child" Policy | -Officially restricts married urban couples to having only one child -Although the policy allowed exemptions in several cases including twins, total couples, ethnic minorities, and parents without any siblings |
| China's farm output ranking | Number one in farm out ($737 billion) |
| China's economic trends for the last thirty years | Self-sufficient until the late 1990s when there became an increase in the consumption of meat and a larger amount of feed grain needed to maintain the large amount of meat being consumed |
| City of Guiyu | The largest electronic waste site on earth |
| "The Great Famine" | In India covered 257,000 square miles and estimated death toll of 8.2 million people due to the collapse of the agricultural systems, starvation, disease, and malnutrition |
| Treay of Tientsin | During the second opium war (1856-1858) Qing was defeated and forced to sign this treaty which opened up new ports of trade allowed for foreigners to travel into the interior and legalized the propagation of Christianity |
| What were two significant impacts of the global agriculture market in nineteenth century China (food security)? | The implementation of different production regime brings systemic instability and vulnerability and had major impacts on China -Tribute grains partially redirected to the global grain trade -Farmers who had previously grown cereal grains turned to cash crops in order to make more money (farmers sell cash crops to the global market and use the profits to purchase grains for their own diet) |
| Estimated number of deaths attributed to the 1876-1878 famine in China | 10 million |
| Famine according to Michael Watts | Famines cannot be reduced to weather and climate patterns but instead are conditioned by systemic social political and economic failures |
| Percentage of world GHG emissions within the territory of China | 23.53% |
| Rate of China's oil consumption per day | 9.4 million barrels per day |
| Periphery | -Where the majority of oil sources are located -Receive disproportionately small share of global wealth -Weak state institutions -Most often exploited by more powerful countries |
| Accumulation by Dispossession | A process wherein wealth and power are centralized in the hands of the few by dispossessing individuals of their wealth or land |
| Percentage of global carbon emissions that support consumption in countries other than where they were emitted | 32% |
| Percentage of global carbon emissions from fossil fuel combustion that contribute to capital accumulation in countries other than where the emissions occurred | 55% |
| Zero-Sum Game | -Economic growth in the core corresponds to economic decline in the periphery -Environmental improvements in the core correspond to environmental degradation in the periphery -Idea that in time nobody wins but some will lose faster than others |
Want to create your own Flashcards for free with GoConqr? Learn more.