Flashcards
Anatomy Endocrine System
Cards in this deck (53)
- 1hgH: human growth hormoneproduces growth and is produced by the anterior pituitary
- 2TSH: thyroid stimulating hormonestimulates the synthesis of thyroid hormones
produced by the anterior pituitary - 3FSH: follicle stimulating hormonesecretes estrogen in females and works for sperm production in males
produced by anterior pituitary - 4PRL: prolactininitiates milk in mammary glands -
produced by anterior pituitary - 5ACTH: adrenocottrophic hormoneSecretes glucocorocoids
and tied closely to the limbic system - produced by anterior pituitary - 6hypothalamuscontrols all of our pain levels, stress levels, and emotional experiences (also controls autonomic nervous system)
- 7giantismhypersecretion of the pituitary gland
- 8pituitary dwarfismhyposecretion of the pituitary gland
- 9acromegalyhypersecretion of the pituitary (epiphyseal plates thicken and get larger)
- 10OT: oxytoxinReleased before and after labor
Targets tissues in uterus and breasts
Stretches uterus during labor - produced by posterior pituitary - 11ADH: antidieretic hormoneDecreases the urine volume
Helps in regulating water volume when water is loss through sweating
Helps control blood pressure
- produced by posterior pituitary - 12melatonin (hormone of darkness)has to do with our biological clock - sleep mechanism - produced by pineal gland and thymus
- 13SAD (depression)during winter months - caused by melatonin/pineal gland/thymus irregularity
- 14T3 and T4Increases basal metabolic rate
Stimulates synthesis of proteins
Increase use of glucose and fatty acids for ATP production
Increase hypolysis
Accelerate body growth
Contribute to development of nervous system
- secreted by thyroid gland - 15congenital hypothyroidismCan cause severe mental retardation
Congenital hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland fails to develop or function properly
If untreated, congenital hypothyroidism can lead to intellectual disability and abnormal growth. In the United States and many other countries, all newborns are tested for congenital hypothyroidism. If treatment begins in the first month after birth, infants usually develop normally. - 16myxedemaadema (swelling) - 5x more prevalent in females - issue with thyroid
- 17Graves diseasean autoimmune disorder that leads to overactivity of the thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism)
7-10x more likely in females - 18exophthalmosSometimes in people with Graves disease
Adema behind the eye
thyroid issue - 19goiterenlarged thyroid
- 20PTH: parathyroid hormoneIncreases the calcium and magnesium in our blood
- 21hypoparathyroidismUndersecretion
Twitches or uncontrolled spasms of the skeletal muscles - 22HyperparathyroidismOversecretion
Bones become brittle - 23epinephrineMimics the same thing that the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system does
Adrenaline (fight-or-flight)
produced by adrenal gland - 24norephinephrinedoes the rest and digest part - produced by adrenal glands
- 25congenital adrenal hyperplasiaGenetic disorder
Body cannot secrete cortisol, which is needed to digest food
Adrenal gland issue - 26Virilism masculazationFemales have excessive hair
Atrophy of the breasts
Adrenal gland issue - 27Cushing's syndromeTumor
Arms and legs become very spindly and bruise easily
Blood clotting and wound healing become an issue
Adrenal gland issue - 28Addison's diseaseAutoimmune disease
Results in weight loss, anorexia, vomiting, muscular weakness, lack of appetite
Adrenal gland issue - 29PheochromocytomasBenign tumor
Prolonged fight-or-flight existence
Adrenal gland issue - 30alpha cells in pancreatic isletraise blood glucose - produced by pancreas
- 31beta cells in pancreatic isletlowers blood glucose
- 32delta cells in pancreatic isletimportant in diabetes
inhibits secretion of insulin - 33F cells in pancreatic isletInhibits somatostatin secretion
Gallbladder contraction
Secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes - 34diabetes mellitusType I
(Beta cells produce little to no insulin -
Become insulin dependent)
Type 2
(More common (90% are type II)
Non-insulin dependent; Symptoms are similar to Type I but not as severe -
Diet, exercise, weight loss)
Pancreas issue - 35estrogenRegulates menstrual cycle
Prepares mammary glands for lactation
Maintains female secondary sex characteristics
Produced by ovaries - 36progesteroneClosely ties to estrogen
Helps in secretion of FSH
Tied to the secondary sex characteristics in females
Produced by ovaries/testes - 37inhibinInhibits the secretion of FSH
Produced by ovaries/testes - 38relaxinHelps during birth to relax uterus
Helps in mammary glands
Produced by ovaries - 39testosteroneStimulates descent of testes before birth
Responsible for maintaining secondary sex characteristics
Produced by ovaries/testes - 40gastrinPromotes secretion of gastrojuices
Helps muscles of stomach
Produced by GI tract - 41GIPStimulates the release of insulin in the pancreas
Produced by GI tract - 42secretinPancreatic juices and the secretion of bile
Produced by GI tract - 43CCK cholecystokininReleases bile from gallbladder
Gives us our feeling of fullness
Produced by GI tract - 44gastritisForces inflammation of visceral organs
GI tract issue - 45ulcerative colitisColon has become an ulcer
GI tract issue - 46other GI tract clinical connectionsIBS (irritable bowel syndrome)
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Asthma
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Migraine headaches
Anxiety
Depression - 47hCShuman chorionicDevelopment of mammary glands for lactation
Produced by placenta - 48hCG human chorionic gonadotropinProduction of estrogen and progesterone to maintain pregnancy
Produced by placenta - 49Reninraises BP
Produced by kidney - 50EPO: erythropoietinincreases RBC count
Produced by kidneys - 51CalcitriolAbsorption of calcium and phosphorus
Produced by kidneys - 52ANP: atrial natriuretic peptideAtrial peptide that decreases BP
Produced by heart - 53leptinHelps to decrease/suppress appetite
Helps in secretion of FSH
Produced by adipose tissue
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- Flashcards on Anatomy Endocrine System, created by megan52694 on 09/12/2013.
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