Paradigms

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week 2 Evidence based practice and research
Edward Randall
Flashcards by Edward Randall, updated more than 1 year ago
Edward Randall
Created by Edward Randall about 8 years ago
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Ontology The study of the nature of existence or reality
Epistemology The theory of knowledge – what does it mean to know and how do we know what we know?
Epistemology and ontology together impact upon our theoretical perspective and research plan (methodology)
Inductive reasoning. What does it work towards? What is it associated with? Quantitative or Qualitative? Inductive Reasoning: No prediction or hypothesis required. Works from evidence towards theory. Often associated with exploratory / descriptive /qualitative studies.
Deductive Reasoning What does it work from and what does it test for? Quantitative or Qualitative? Deductive reasoning Works from theory and tests for evidence developing specific predictions from general principles. Often associated with quantitative studies.
Positivism / objectivism / realism POSTIVISM / OBJECTIVISM / REALISM stable and exist outside of the social environment. objective truth that exists externally to the research process. OBJECTIVE stance, tests theories/hypotheses, ESTABLISH CAUSE AND EFFECT QUANTITATIVE
INTERPRETIVE / CONSTRUCTIONIST / NATURALISTIC APPROACH / RELATIVISM INTERPRETIVE / CONSTRUCTIONIST / NATURALISTIC APPROACH / RELATIVISM social phenomena are SUBJECTIVE AND CHANGE. Acknowledges subjectivity, explores EXPERIENCE and MEANING GENERATE THEORY (associated with a QUALITATIVE approach).
CRITICAL REALISM / PRAGMATISM– (mixed methods approach). Critical realism / pragmatism – recognises that social structures influence actions but are not directly observable, interpretation is needed also, supports practicalities and literal truth (mixed methods approach).
So what does it all mean? what the researcher believes about the NATURE of EXISTENCE or REALITY (ONTOLOGY) and their VIEW OF KNOWLEDGE and how we KNOW WHAT WE KNOW (EPITEMOLOGY) in relation to a particular topic will determine the way in which the research is approached and carried out at a practical level.
A researcher taking an objectivist/ positivist view, (quantitative approach) may want to establish facts using a “scientific approach” and try to make links between cause and effect. They may use an experiment to ‘test’ an existing theory (deductive reasoning). A researcher taking a constructionist/ interpretive (qualitative) stance may take the view that there is no “one true reality” and that experience of an event / situation is dependent upon time/ place / person. They may conduct interviews to explore subjective experience and generate theory (inductive reasoning).
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