Created by allyson.fournier
over 8 years ago
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Question | Answer |
atom | basic unit of matter |
proton | located in nucleus of atom, tells you what the atom is, positive charge |
electron | located in electron cloud, decides the chemical behavior of the atom, negative charge |
neutron | located in nucleus, neutral charge |
isotope | atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain |
radioactive isotope | had unstable nucleus that breaks down at a constant rate over time |
valence electrons | outermost electrons |
chemical bond | bond between atoms, not molecules |
e- levels | 1st - 2 2nd - 8 3rd - 8 4th - 18 |
reactive element | CAN form bonds |
ionic bond | bond between 2 ions; formed when electrons are TRANSFERRED from one atom to another |
ion | an atom with a positive or negative charge; molecules that have gained or lost electrons |
covalent bond | share atoms |
polar and non-polar | don't mix |
polar | has charges at opposite ends (opposite charges) |
cohesion | an attraction between molecules of the same substance |
adhesion | an attraction between molecules of different substances |
capillary action | combination of cohesion and adhesion |
high heat capacity | takes a lot of NRG to eat up a substance with a high heat capacity, hard for it to change temperature |
electronegativity | a PULL that one atom has for another atom's electrons (water is VERY electronegative) |
solvent | does the disolving |
solute | what is dissolved in the solvent |
Why are the properties of H2O important to life? | -milder climates -stable ocean/lake temps (aquatic animals) -helps us (humans) maintain internal temp (sweating, evaporation, etc.) -ice insulates lakes |
Heat and Cold | in most things, heat=expand and cold=shrink NOT IN WATER: opposite because of H+ bonds |
acid | a compound that donates a H+ ion to the solution |
base | a compound that donates OH- to the solution (hydroxide ions) *excess of OH- |
buffer | can act as an acid or a base to neutralize |
pH scale | a direct measure of H+; the lower the number, the more acidic it is; 7 is neutral |
atomic number | # of protons |
atomic mass | mass of nucleus |
Why is carbon in every living thing? | because it can form 4 covalent bonds, which can form many structures |
Carbon structures | -chains -ring -single, double, triple -branch |
dehydration reaction | gives off water; builds polymers |
hydrolysis | requires H2O; breaks bonds between monomers |
Carbohydrates | function: energy, structure |
monosaccharides | monomer unit; single ex. glucose, galactose, fructose |
disaccharides | 2 monosaccharides ex. sucrose (glucose + fructose) maltose (2 glucose) lactose (glucose + galactose) |
Cellulose | -found in plants - gives structure - made of a bunch of glucose molecules |
lipids | - non-polar - not soluble in water - categories are: fats, oils, waxes -long term storage - insulation (blubber) - steroids and hormones - one section of glycerol, rest long chain of fatty acids |
saturated fats | solid, single bonds; if carbons have the maximum amount of H+ that they can, then each carbon is saturated |
unsaturated fats | liquid, can have double bonds; double bonds can cause kinks so it can't fold tight enough to be a solid |
protein | -macromolecules that contain nitrogen + carbon, hydrogen, oxygen -polymers of molecules called amino acids - most diverse macromolecule |
Protein functions and examples |
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