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Flashcards

Film Midterm

roz.bk English 88 cards

Cards in this deck (88)

  1. 1Rear Window Country - Year - Director - Jeff - Lisa - Thorwald -USA
    1954
    Hitchcock
    Jeff - James Stewart
    Lisa - Grace Kelly
    Thorwald - Raymond Burr
  2. 2The Shining Country - Year - Director - Jack - Wendy - Danny - Dick -USA
    1980
    Kubrick
    Jack - Jack Nicholson
    Wendy - Shelley Duvall
    Danny - Danny Lloyd
    Dick - Scatman Crothers
  3. 3Casa Blanca Country - Year - Director - Rick - Ilsa - Lazlo -USA
    1942
    Curtiz
    Rick - Bogart
    Ilsa - Ingrid Bergman
    Lazlo - Victor
  4. 4The Limey Country - Year - Director - Wilson - Terry Valentine - Jenny -USA
    1999
    Soderbergh
    Wilson - Terrence Stamp
    Valentine - Peter Fonda
    Jenny - Melissa George
  5. 5Singing in the Rain Country - Year - Director - Don Lockwood- Kathy Selden - Lina Lamont -USA
    1952
    Stanley Donen, Gene Kelly
    Don Lockwood- Gene Kelly
    Kathy Selden - Debbie Reynolds
    Lina Lamont - Jean Hagen
  6. 6The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari Country - Year - Director - Dr. Caligari - Cesare -Germany
    1920
    Robert Wiene
    Werener Krauss - Dr. Caligari
    Conrad Viedt - Cesare
  7. 7Bicycle Thieves Country - Year - Director - Ricci - Bruno -Italy
    1948
    Vittorio De Sica
    Antonion Ricci - Lamberto Maggiorani
    Enzo Staiola - Bruno
  8. 8Citizen Kane Country - Year - Director - Charles Kane Jededah LelandUSA
    1941
    Orson Welles
    Orson Welles - Charles Kane
    Joseph Cotten - Jedediah Leland
  9. 9Vertigo Country - Year - Director - Scottie - Madeleine Elster/Judy Barton Gavin ElsterUSA
    1958
    Hitchcock
    James Stewart - Scottie
    Kim Novak - Madeleine Elster/Judy Barton
    Gavin Elster - Tom Helmore
  10. 10Shadow of a Doubt Country - Year - Director - Young Charlie - Uncle Charlie -USA
    1943
    Hitchcock
    Young Charlie - Teresa Wright
    Uncle Charlie - Joseph Cotten
  11. 11What is cinematography?Selecting range of tonalities, manipulating speed of motion and transforming perspective
  12. 12What are the elements of cinematography?Framing, lens, chemistry of light registration, focus, camera movement, time of shot, special effects, etc.
  13. 13Define shotUninterrupted image with a single static or mobile framing
    - Shot is chosen out of several takes of the same action
  14. 14What is perspective relation?Lens mimics the perspective of the human eye
  15. 15Define Focal Length - What does it determineDistance from the centre of the lens to the point where light rays converge to a point of focus
    - Determines depth, size and scale of what we are seeing
  16. 16Define wide angle lens- Creates depth
    - Under 35 mm
  17. 17Define normal lens- Foreground and background are not distorted
    - 35 mm (common length), 50 mm (high end)
    - Avoids distortion
  18. 18Define telephoto lens- Reduces depth (planes seem squished together)
    - Movement towards or away from camera seems slow
    - Distorts perspective
  19. 19Define zoom lens- Varied focal lengths
    Combines wide, normal and telephoto into one
    - Noticeable distortions from moving one end to another
  20. 20When did the zoom lens come into commercial use?1950
  21. 21Define anamorphic lens- Takes wide field of view and squeezes the image together on film, projector then reverses the process
    - Not used anymore
  22. 22What are the 3 depths of field?1. Shallow Focus: Focuses on one plain, and lets the other plains blur
    2. Deep Focus: Greatest depth of field (several areas are visible)
    3. Racking Focus: Change of focus as the shot is running
  23. 23What is the aspect ratio? What was square, silent, old and new academy ratio, european ratios, anamorphic, 70 mm, cinemascope ratios?Ratio of height to length
    Square 1.17:1
    Silent era 1.33:1
    Academy (old standard ratio) 1.37:1
    Updated academy ratio (new norm, widescreen) 1.85:1
    Aspect (European ratios) 1.85:1 and 1.75:1
    Anamorphic 2.35:1
    70 mm 2.2:1
    Cinemascope 2.34:1
  24. 24What is masking? When does it occur?Attaching masks over either the camera or the printers lens to block the passage of light
    - Occurs in production or exhibition
  25. 25What is an iris?Moving circular mask
  26. 26What is a hard matte?Simplest way to create a widescreen image
  27. 27What are the 6 zones of offscreen space?1. Behind the camera
    2. Right side
    3. Left side
    4. Above
    5. Below
    6. Behind the set
  28. 28What are the 4 areas of control a filmmaker has when framing?1. Angle (Straight on, high angle, low angle)
    2. Level (Level or canted)
    3. Height
    4. Distance
  29. 29What is the difference between level and canted camera position?Level: Parallel to the horizon
    Canted: Tipped to one side or another
  30. 30What are the 8 camera distances?1. Extreme close-up (Part of face or any other subject)
    2. Close-up (Full face)
    3. Medium close-up (Chest up)
    4. Medium shot (waist, hip up)
    5. Medium long shot (knees up)
    6. 3/4 shot, plain american (mid-cal to top of head)
    7. Long shot (Background dominates)
    8. Extreme long shot (establishing shot)
  31. 31What is mobile framing?Changing the camera angle, level, height or distance during the shot
    - Pan, swish pan, tilt, tracking, trucking or dolly shot, crane, zoom
  32. 32What is a pan?Movement swivels the camera on a vertical axis
    - Camera does not move
    - As if camera is turning head left or right
  33. 33What is a swish pan?Camera movement left or right quickly
    - Image is blurred, hides edits
  34. 34What is a tiltCamera movement upward or downward
    - As if camera head is swivelling up and down
  35. 35What is tracking, trucking or a dolly shot?- Camera as a whole changes position in any direction
    - Movement relies on camera support
  36. 36What is a crane?Camera moves above the ground in any direction
  37. 37What are free hand helds and steadicams?Free hand held: Camera operators body as support, rougher, bumpier image
    Steadicam: Body worn camera stabilizer
    - Operator smoothly follows actors
  38. 38What is a zoomReducing or zooming in on portions of the image
    - Does not alter aspect or position of the objects we see
  39. 39Define long takeOne run of the camera that records a single shot
    - Emphasizes mise-en-scene
  40. 40Define sequence shotWhen a scene is presented in a long shot
  41. 41What is the average shot duration?5-8 seconds
  42. 42What are the 5 types of edits?Straight cut: Instantaneous change from one shot to another
    Fade out: Gradually darkens the end of the shot to black
    Fade in: Lightens a shot from black
    Dissolve: Briefly superimposes the end of shot A and the beginning of shot B (one is leaving while other is coming in)
    Wipe: Shot B replaces Shot A by a boundary line moving across the screen
  43. 43What are the areas of choice and control for editing?1. Graphic relations (Pictorial qualities --> colour, light, etc.)
    2. Rhythmic relations (Length of shots)
    3. Spatial relations
    4. Temporal relations
  44. 44How long do films technically run?24 fps
  45. 45What is a graphic match? What is a graphic conflict?Match: Linking shots by close graphic similarities
    Conflict: Contrast between shots
  46. 46What is the Kuleshov effect?No single shot is complete it gets its meaning from what it is juxtaposed with
  47. 47What is crosscutting, parallel editing and intercutting?Creates distinct spaces and is used to show that events or actions are occurring at the same time but in different spaces
  48. 48What are temporal relations?Manipulation of story time through editing
    - Order (flashback or flashforward)
    - Duration (Ellipsis or montage)
  49. 49What is elliptical editing?Filmmakers cutting out dead time
  50. 50What is a temporal ellipsis?Editing a cut sustains continuity between shots but omits part of the duration of the event
  51. 51What is the 30 degree rule?Shifting the camera at least 30 degrees between shot to shot
  52. 52What is a jump cut?Cutting together two shots of the same subject
    - Part of discontinuity
  53. 53What are non-diegetic inserts?Cutting from the scene to a metaphorical or symbolic shot that doesn't belong
    - Prompts spectator to search for implicit meanings
  54. 54What is the root of continuity editing?Soviet Montage
  55. 55What is the Marxist Historical DialectThesis + antithesis = synthesis
  56. 56What is the synthesisSynthesis is not the sum of two forces but something greater and different from the both
  57. 57What year did the French New Wave occur in1959 - Late 60's
  58. 58What was the first talking film?Croslands, The Jazz Singer (1927)
  59. 59What is an optical soundtrack?Mic captures sound, converts it into electrical impulses which are turned into light impulses. Light impulses are photographed onto the film strip and appear in between the space in the images
  60. 60What are the 2 defects of microphones1. Limited in range --> Actors has to be motionless when delivering their lines
    2. Mics were sensitive and picked up every sound in their range
  61. 61What are the 4 spatial dimensions of sound?1. Loudness --> Relative for listener (mixing a quiet scene followed by the sound of a gun shot makes it louder and more dramatic, also related to perceived distance (louder the sound, the closer we assume it to be)
    2. Pitch (Highness or lowness)
    3. Timbre (Anything else, ex: raspy)
    4. Rhythm (Matching visual and sonic rhythms to each other)
  62. 62Define diegetic and nondiegetic soundDiegetic: Within narrative world (sound we assume characters hear or could hear)
    Non diegetic: Not part of the story world (ex: Background music)
  63. 63Define onscreen and off screen diegetic soundOn screen: Sounds with an identifiable source within the frame
    Off screen: Extends beyond the limits of the frame (sound in the story with no visible source)
  64. 64Define external and internal diegetic soundExternal diegetic sound: Objective sound that has a physical source in the scene
    Internal: Subjective, coming from the mind of the character
  65. 65What is simultaneous sound?Sound takes place at the same time as the image in terms of story events
  66. 66What is non simultaneous sound?Sound we hear occurring earlier or later than the events we see in the image
    - Sonic flashback
    - Ex: See characters chatting in the present but hear another character's voice from an earlier scene)
  67. 67What is synchronous sound and asynchronous sound?Synchronous: Filmmaker decides to hear the sound at the same time as we see what makes it (ex: Characters move their lips and we hear the appropriate words)
    Asynchronous: Sound goes out of synchronization
  68. 68Define sound bridgeSound that carries over from one scene to the next scene
  69. 69What are the 3 types of sound in film?1. Speech
    2. Music
    3. Anything else (ex: Churchbells)
  70. 70What are the functions of sound?- Sensory impact (more likely to react)
    - Provides narrative information and dialogue
    - Conventional associations of specific sounds (ex: thunder)
    - Sound image relation (Points out what to watch for)
  71. 71What is film as an objective medium?Film is faithful to the external world
  72. 72What is film as an subjective medium?Film that is stylized or artifiical
  73. 73What are the 4 areas of creative control of film style?1. Mise en scene
    2. Cinematography
    3. Editing
    4. Sound
  74. 74What is objective realism?Recognizable surface reality (ex: Sets in The Searchers)
  75. 75What is psychological realism?Recognizable human behaviour
  76. 76What year was the first public screening?December 1895
  77. 77What are formalist films?Films that deliberately stylize and distort the real world, reform reality, use techniques to comment on the subject matter
  78. 78Who was Alexander Astruc and what did he advocate for in what year?- Personal expression in film
    - 1948
  79. 79Who was Traffaut and what did he define in what year?Auteur, 1954
  80. 80Define auteur- Directors who brought personal vision and individual style to their subject matter
  81. 81What did auteur critics look for?Consistencies across a directors body of work
  82. 82What did Andre Bazin say?- Raised objections as a method of film analysis
    1. Formalist Concern (relation of film makers work to society)
    2. Genre (Filmmaker has to work within genre conventions but personal vision must come through)
  83. 83What did Andrew Sarris say?Concentric circles
    Outer circle: Technical competence of the director
    Middle circle: Personality of director
    Inner circle: Tension between director as an auteur + conditions of production
    - Made list of 200 directors who were historically important
  84. 84Who was Pauline Kael?Circles and Squares (1963)
    - Outer circle: Competence of director cannot be criteria (innovations come from mistakes)
    - Middle circle: Must look at similarities and differences
    - Inner circle: Tension is not important
  85. 85What does the Buscombe article argue?- Middle point between Sarris and Kael
    - Auteurism is useful in a modified way (we can look at directors but cannot dismiss other forces)
    - 3 approaches to film criticism
  86. 86What are the 3 approaches to film criticism in the Buscombe article?1. Effect of cinema on society
    2. Effect of society on cinema
    3. Effect of films on other films
  87. 87What are the 3 ways an artist can revise his reputation?1. Molding his or her public image through self promotion
    2. Change in aesthetic standards (prompts critics to go beyond and look at an artists work
    3. Artist improves his work
  88. 88Citizen Kane Director Country YearOrson Welles
    USA
    1941
    Charles Foster Kane - Orson Welles
    Joseph Cotten - Jedidah Leland
    Dorothy - Susan Alexander
    Ruth Warrick - Emily Kane

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Flashcards on Film Midterm, created by roz.bk on 17/01/2016.
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