4337912
Description
Flashcards by Derek James, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Derek James
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| STAPHYLOCOCCUS Key Features | •Large, aerobic gram-positive cocci •Commensals of skin and exposed mucosa of animals and humans •Robust, survive well in envmt •Numerous spp, most non-pathogenic; some host specificity •Opportunist pathogens causing pyogenic infections |
| Staphylococcus aureus (1-OPP-Z) | •Pyogenic opportunist infections: •Pus and local necrosis •Skin and wound infections**** •Localized infections**, tendency to bacteremia (abscesses) •Urinary tract infections in dogs, cats •Mastitis – bovine*** •Contagious and often “hospital infections” |
| Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (1-OPP-Z) | •“the S. aureus of the dog” - opportunist pathogen of dogs •Recent emergence of MRSP in dogs – resistant to practically everything! |
| Staphylococcus hyicus | •Greasy-pig disease: exudative epidermitis of newborn pigs |
| Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) | Resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics and most other antibacterial drugs Slightly more virulent than non-MRSA 1-2% people colonized MRSA Emerging now in animals Hospitals have the most incidence, then the community, then companion animals, then production animals |
| STREPTOCOCCUS | •Chains in clinical samples •Commensals of mucous membranes of humans and animals (not usually skin) •Do NOT survive well in environment •Relatively fastidious •Pyogenic infections •Host specificity**** |
| Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus | •Opportunist pathogen of horses & other spp cause purulent infections in horses •Upper resp tract infections, “mild strangles”, pneumonia, abscesses, wounds, urogenital tract, mastitis etc Foal septicaemia & sequelae, no colostrum Role as primary pathogen underestimated |
| Streptococcus equi subspecies equi | •Strangles in horses: highly contagious, pharyngitis & assoc lymphadenitis •Transmitted by discharge of dz & infected guttural pouch carriers •Tx/prevention: iso'n, quar'n, cleaning, disinf'n, early treatment w penicillin Vaccines avail, none perfect. Long-lasting not always complete immunity after inf'n |
| Streptococcus canis (2-OPP) | •Opportunistic purulent infections of dogs & cats •Beta-hemolytic, group G •Minor pathogen: urogenital infections, mastitis, wound infections, otitis externa •Toxic shock syndrome & necrotizing fasciitis |
| Streptococcus agalactiae (2-PR) | •Group B, CAMP-positive •Practically disappeared •Agent of neonatal septicaemia in humans (not from cows) |
| ENTEROCOCCI 2-OPP | Normal intestinal flora Most important are E. faecalis & E. faecium True opportunists; Diverse inf's: mastitis, wound infections, UTI, 2º inf'n, nosocomial Naturally resistant to many antimicro agents, esp. E. faecium; Freq' acq'd resist Problem in human & some vet hospitals “VRE”: superbugs; part of ESKAPE group |
| Nosocomial | Refers to an disease acquired in hospital |
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