Flashcards
Final Exam Review Integrated Science Fall 2013
Cards in this deck (72)
- 1What are the three types of rock?Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary
- 2If granite undergoes high temperatures and high pressures at depth within Earth, what type of rock will be formed?a metamorphic rock
- 3A rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface is called an ____.intrusive igneous rock
- 4A rock that forms from cooling lavaextrusive igneous rock
- 5When large masses of magma solidify far below Earth’s surface, they form igneous rocks that havecoarse-grained texture
- 6Lava that cools so quickly that ions do not have time to arrange themselves into crystals will form igneous rocks with a ____.glassy texture
- 7What is the correct order of sedimentary rock formation?weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation
- 8Fossils are only found in ____.sedimentary rocks
- 9A fault is ____.a fracture in the Earth where movement has occurred
- 10What is the source of an earthquake?focus
- 11What causes earthquakes?elastic rebound
- 12What are the three types of seismic waves?Primary
Secondary
Surface - 13Which seismic waves travel most rapidly?P waves
- 14Which seismic waves are the most destructive?surface waves
- 15What is the minimum number of seismic stations that is needed to determine the location of an earthquake’s epicenter?three
- 16A travel-time graph can be used to find the ____.distance to the epicenter of an earthquake
- 17The distance between a seismic station and the earthquake epicenter is determined from the ____.arrival times of P and S waves
- 18An earthquake’s magnitude is a measure of the ____.size of seismic waves it produces
- 19What instrument records earthquake waves?seismograph
- 20The amount of shaking produced by an earthquake at a given location is called the ____.intensity
- 21The trace that records an earthquake from seismic instruments is called a ____.seismogram
- 22How much of an increase in wave amplitude is seen from an earthquake measuring 5.4 on the Richter scale compared to one measuring 4.4?ten times
- 23A tsunami can occur when there is vertical movement at a fault under ____.the ocean floor
- 24Why do earthquakes often cause damaging fires?Earthquakes can break gas lines, water lines, and electrical lines.
- 25What layers of Earth make up the lithosphere?the crust and upper mantle
- 26Earth’s thin, rocky outer layercrust
- 27boundary between the crust and the mantleThe Moho
- 28Through which Earth layer are S waves NOT transmitted?outer core
- 29Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis stated that all the continents once joined together to formone major supercontinent
- 30The supercontinent in the continental drift hypothesis was calledPangaea
- 31The main reason Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis was rejectedHe could not provide a mechanism for the movement of the continents
- 32the ________ is divided into plateslithosphere
- 33plate boundary where two plates grind past each other without destroying or producing lithospheretransform fault boundary
- 34boundary where two plates move togetherconvergent boundary
- 35results when divergence occurs between two oceanic platesseafloor spreading
- 36forms when one oceanic plate is forced beneath another platea subduction zone
- 37According to the property of paleomagnetismiron-rich rocks show the location of the magnetic poles at the time of their formation
- 38age of seafloor sediments change with increasing distance from the ocean ridgeAge increases
- 39A magma’s viscosity is directly related to itssilica content
- 40Highly explosive volcanoes tend to have what type of magma?high silica, high viscosity, and higher gas content
- 41Most of the information about Earth’s interior was obtained by studying ____.earthquake waves
- 42The greatest concentration of metals occurs in Earth’score
- 43One kind of evidence that supports Wegener’s hypothesis is that ____.fossils of the same organism have been found on different continents
- 44According to the theory of plate tectonics, ____.the lithosphere is divided into plates
- 45What is a geographic example of a transform fault boundary?the San Andreas Fault
- 46Strips of alternating magnetic polarities found in rocks in the ocean basins ____.provide evidence for seafloor spreading
- 47How does the age of seafloor sediments change with increasing distance from the ocean ridge?Age increases
- 48The main source of downward convection flow in the mantle is called ____.slab-pull
- 49Which list places the magma types in order of decreasing viscosity (most viscous listed first)?rhyolitic, andesitic, basaltic
- 50A volcanic bomb is a ____.piece of semi-molten rock ejected as glowing lava
- 51The particles produced in volcanic eruptions are called ____.pyroclastic material
- 52Large particles of hardened lava ejected from a volcano are called ____.blocks
- 53What type of volcano is built almost entirely from ejected lava fragments?cinder cone
- 54The broad, slightly dome-shaped volcanoes of Hawaii are ____.shield volcanoes
- 55A volcano that is fairly symmetrical and has both layers of lava and pyroclastic deposits is a ____.composite cone volcano
- 56The most violent volcanic eruptions are associated with what type of volcano?composite cones
- 57A large depression in a volcanocaldera
- 58The landform formed when the volcanic pipe remains after most of the cone has been eroded is called a ____.volcanic neck
- 59Structures that form from the cooling and hardening of magma beneath Earth’s surface are ____.plutons
- 60Which type of intrusive feature forms when magma is injected into fractures cutting across preexisting rock layers?dike
- 61What horizontal intrusive igneous body is formed when magma is injected parallel to sedimentary bedding planes?sill
- 62Magma forms when solid rock in the crust and upper mantle ____.melts
- 63Magma tends to rise towards Earth’s surface primarily because ____.rocks become less dense when they melt
- 64The volcanic landforms at divergent ocean plate boundaries are ____.oceanic ridges
- 65Most of the active volcanoes on Earth are located in a belt known as the ____.Ring of Fire
- 66What are the major types of mountains?folded, fault-block, volcanic, upwarped
- 67At a continental-continental convergent boundary, ____.folded mountains result
- 68What is the major type of stress that occurs at convergent plate boundaries?compressional stress
- 69Coastal plains are also reffered to asmarshes
- 70To determine distance east and west, you would use lines oflongitude
- 71Areas of equal elevation are connected by _____lines.contour
- 72To detrmine the location on a map, you can uselongitude and latitude
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- 9th Finals Flashcards on Final Exam Review Integrated Science Fall 2013, created by Brian Hedspeth on 13/12/2013.
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