4412754
Description
Flashcards by Fiona Dunger, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Fiona Dunger
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Acetylcholine | A compound which occurs throughout the nervous system, in which it functions as a neurotransmitter |
| An increase in size of a certain muscle | Acute hypertrophy |
| Steady state | an unvarying condition in a physical process |
| Cerebellum | the part of the brain that coordinates and regulates muscular activity |
| Tissue that surrounds the whole muscle | Epimysium |
| Exentensibility | the capability of being stretched |
| Isometric contraction | where the muscle generates force without changing in length |
| the part of the cerebral cortex in the brain in which originate the nerve impulses that initiate voluntary muscular activity | Motor cortex |
| Motor unit | Controls muscle fibres, allowing them to contract at the same time with full force |
| detects changes in muscle length and then force muscles to contract | muscle spindle |
| Myofibril | elongated contractile threads found in striated muscle cells |
| the smallest functional, contractive unit of a myofibril. They occur as repeating units, extending from our Z-line to the next along the length of the myofibril | sarcomere |
| anabolic | synthesis of molecules |
| Actin | a protein which forms the contractile filaments of muscle and is also involved in motion in other types of cell |
| a fibrous protein which works together with actin to form contractile filaments of muscle cells and is also involved in motion in other types of cell | myosin |
| The breakdown of molecules | Catabolic |
| Chronic hypertrophy | long term growth of a muscle |
| Acetyl CoA | conveys carbon atoms within the acetyl group to the krebs cycle to be oxidised for energy production |
| A water-soluble enzyme that hydrolyzes trigylycerides in lipoproteins | Lipoprotein lipase |
| Creatine kinase | enzyme used to take phosphate from creatine phosphate and bind it to ADP to create ATP |
| the component of the cytoplasm of a cell, within which various organelles and particles are suspended | cytosol |
| Glycolysis | the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid |
| Hexokinase | is the first enzyme of glycolysis and adds phosphate to glucose |
| organelle found in most cells where the biochemical processes of repirationg and energy production occur | Mitochondrion |
| Oxygen | carried throughout the body in red blood cells and into muscles |
| Phosphorylase | an enzyme which introduces a phosphate group into an organic molecule |
| the addition of a phosphoryl group to a molecule. Turns proteins on and off | Phosphorylation |
| is the end product of glycolysis and is converted into acetyl CoA when there is sufficient oxygen.when there is insufficient oxygen, it is converted into lactic acid | Pyruvate |
| Lactate | is a byproduct of anaerobic glycolysis and can lead to fatigue if the lactate threshold is passed |
| Glycogenolysis | the metabolic process of breaking down glycogen into glucose |
| Malate-Aspartate shuttle | is a biochemical system for translocating electrons produced during glycolysis |
| a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors | Electron transport chain |
| is a compound that supplies energy for many biochemical cellular processes by undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis especially to ADP | ATP - adenosine triphosphate |
| is a compound made up of only 2 phosphates which when combined with another phosphate isconverted into ATP | ADP- Adenosine diphosphate |
| is produced when two ADP are combined. When this happens 1 ATP is created along with 1 AMP | AMP- Adenosine monophosphate |
| Golgi tendon | detects tension in muscles and when the muscle is too tense then the golgi tendon will relax the muscle |
| Muscle fatigue | where the muscles capacity to produce maximal voluntary action is reduced |
| Slow oxidative muscle fibres are highly resistant to fatigue and can work for longer | Type 1 (SO) |
| Fast Glycolytic muscle fibres fatigue very quickly and only last during short bursts of energy (100m sprint) | Type 2b (FG) |
| Fast oxidative glycolytic muscle fibres are in the middle of SO and FG when it comes to when they are used and how long they are used for | Type 2a (FOG) |
| DOMS | Delayed onset muscle soreness is where stiffness and soreness is felt several hours after exercise. This is due to miniscule tears in muscle fibres |
| Allosteric enzyme | enzymes that change their conformational ensemble upon binding of an effector, which results in a change in binding affinity at a different ligand binding site |
| Homeostasis | a state of physiological stability |
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