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Description
Flashcards by Farha Idrees, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Farha Idrees
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the three main types of microbe? | -Fungi -Virus -Bacteria |
| What are pathogens? | They are disease causing microbes. |
| Explain the infection cycle. | -The first stage is the entry of the pathogens. -The pathogens enter the cells and multiply, causing damage to the cells and releasing poisons (toxins). - At this stage the body's immune system is stimulated to begin working and the symptoms start to show. |
| What is the incubation period? | The period when the person becomes infected and when the symptoms of the disease start to show. |
| What is a common symptom? | A common symptom is a fever. Fever is caused by the white blood cells releasing chemicals when they act on pathogens. |
| Name the body's natural barriers. | -acid in the stomach kills many microbes -sticky mucus in the lungs trap microbes, and the cilia sweeps it out of the lungs -the skin stops microbes from getting into the body -scabs form on the skin of you get a cut, stopping microbes from getting into the body -tears also contain substances that kill bacteria |
| What is the body's next line of defense (after the natural barriers)? | The white blood cells |
| Define 'macrophage' | a large cell that surrounds the cell and then digests it |
| Define 'antibodies' | produced by white blood cells and attack and destroy microbes and/or foreign bodies |
| Define 'antitoxins' | produced by white blood cells and neutralizes the toxin therefore making it harmless |
| What is the immune system? | the organs and processes of the body that provide resistance to infection and toxins |
| Explain why a person usually does not obtain the same disease twice. | When a person has a disease the body prepares defences in case the disease attacks the person again. The white blood cells produce a special type of white blood cell called a memory cell- these enable antibodies to be produced very quickly on the second infection. |
| Give examples of common vaccines. | -measles -mumps -rubella -polio |
| Why do people travelling to places such as Asia and Africa get given vaccines? | They are given vaccines because they are travelling to a place where a disease is common. For example, in Asia, hepatitis is common and in Africa, typhoid is common. |
| What exactly is a vaccine? | A vaccine is a weakened form of the disease or a dead form of the disease |
| How is a vaccine given? | They are usually inserted into the body through an injection, or in the case of polio, in a drink |
| What happens after the vaccine is inserted into the body? | The vaccine enters the body and triggers the immune system to respond. White blood cells produce antibodies to attack the microbe. The microbe has been made harmless (it cannot reproduce) so it is destroyed quickly. The body now has defences against the microbe- if the disease then attacks the body, the memory cells produce antibodies to attack it quickly. |
| What are the side effects of a vaccination? | -In the case of a whooping cough people who are vulnerable to the disease can get brain damage, however, this is very rare. -The vaccine for typhoid can make a person unwell for a while. |
| Why is it good to take the vaccine? | A vaccination may come with side effects but the actual disease (which you probably will get since you have not had a vaccination) will have worse effects. |
| Define 'disinfectant' | a solution of chemicals which destroy all microbes |
| Give an example of a disinfectant. | -Bleach - Disinfectant wipes -? |
| Define 'antiseptic' | a solution of chemicals which stop microbes from growing |
| Give an example of an antiseptic. | - antiseptic creams - hand sanitizer - mouthwash - soap |
| True or False: Disinfectants are a weakened form of an antiseptic. | False: Antiseptics are a weakened form of an disinfectant |
| Name a food made using microbes. | -cheese -yoghurt -wine -bread |
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