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| Question | Answer |
| ‘Arete, daughter of godlike Rhexenor, after much hardship I have come to your knees as a suppliant, and to your husband and to these feasters, on whom may the gods bestow prosperity in their own lives, and grant to each to leave to his children his property in his house and the rights the people have given him. But for me, urge that conveyance be given quickly to my country, since long now far from my people I suffer hardships.’ | The Odyssey by Homer Speaker = Odysseus Culture = Greek This quote is significant because it shows Odyssues' relationship with Athena (from a bit earlier) and also creates a host/guest relationship that is very important in this book and in the culture. It also shows Odysseus' nostos and beginning of his homecoming. |
| But if you decide it is more profitable and better to go on, eating up one man's livelihood, without payment, then spoil my house. I will cry out to the gods everlasting in the hope that Zeus might somehow grant a reversal of fortunes. Then you may perish in this house, with no payment given. | The Odyssey by Homer Speaker = Telemachus Culture = Greek This quote is important because it emphasizes the important of hospitality in the culture. It also important because it foreshadows the end of the play when Tele. and is father kill the suitors in the house. It shows an early, more timid Telemachus before he has gone through his coming of age journey. |
| Yes, it was not Zeus that made the proclamation; nor did Justice, which lives with those below, enact such laws as that, for mankind. I did not believe your proclamation had such power to enable one who will someday die to override God’s ordinances, unwritten and secure... | Antigone by Sophocles Speaker = Antigone Culture = Greek This is significant because it is Antigone's response to Creon for why she dared to disobey his law. She says it was because it was not the God's law. The gods ruled supreme in this culture and a proper burial was very important to the culture, and for Antigone. It shows she is not afraid to die to override the gods desire for her brother to have a proper burial. |
| Help yourselves to the food and welcome, and then afterward, when you have tasted dinner, we shall ask you who among men you are, for the stock of your parents can be no lost one, but you are of the race of men who are kings, whom Zeus sustains, who remembers his wanderings who bear scepters; no mean men could have sons such as you are. | The Odyssey by Homer Speaker = Menelaus Culture = Greek This again shows the big theme and importance of hospitality in the book and culture. Menelaos must have known that they are well known people and offers up is food as well as complimenting his guests Telemachus and Pisistratus. |
| I have twenty geese here about the house, and they feed on grains of wheat from the water trough. I love to watch them. But a great eagle with crooked beak came down from the mountain, and broke the necks of them all and killed them. So the whole twenty lay dead about the house, but he soared high in the bright air. Then I began to weep—that was in my dream—and cried out aloud, and around me gathered the fair-haired Achaian women as I cried out sorrowing for my geese killed by the eagle. | The Odyssey by Homer Speaker = Penelope Culture = Greek This is a dream of Penelope's that is a metaphor for the suitors (geese) and Odysseus (eagle). It is foreshadowing the events that are going to occur when Odysseus and Telemachus kill the suitors. She describes the dream to Odysseus who is dressed as a beggar and says he does not know what it means and despite O's explanation says she will find a new husband anyway. This is significant because the audience does not know if she knows it is O and is pretending or not because they have a very tricky playful relationship. It adds depth the the book. |
| I sing of warfare and a man at war. From the sea-coast of Troy in early days. He came to Italy by destiny, To our Lavinian western shore, A fugitive, this captain, buffeted Cruelly on land as on the sea By blows from powers of the air—behind them Baleful Juno in her sleepless rage. | The Aeneid by Virgil Speaker = Virgil Culture = Rome This is significant because it sets the stage for Virgil as the muse and giving the history of the origins of Rome in a mythological from. Both are important for the epic and culture. It makes it seem as though Rome was founded by destiny and the will of the gods. |
| Shall I turn tail? Will this land know the sight Of Turnus on the run? To die- is that So miserable? Heaven has grown cold; Shades of the underworld, be friendly to me. As a pure spirit guiltless of that shame I shall go down among you - never unfit To join my great forefathers. | The Aeneid by Virgil Speaker = Turnus Culture = Rome This passage shows that Turnus wants to die nobly and wants a good reputation. He is afraid of his reputation and peoples opinions after he dies. This is important to the book because it strengths Turnus' character to show how determined and dedicated of a fighter he was. It is important to the culture to show that they overcome this relentless leader. |
| The delay will not be long before the cries of mourning in your house, of men and women... | Antigone by Sophocles Speaker = Teiresias Culture = Greek This is part of what the prophet Teiresias tells Creon upon sentencing Antigone to death. It is a foreshadowing for what is to come, for his son and wife to both die out of mourning and him to be extremely upset. It is important to the text because of this and it is important to the culture because prophets were very highly regarded and it gives validity and power to them. |
| Ai! Give up and go, child of the goddess, o Save yourself, out of these flames. The enemy Holds the city walls, and from her height Troy falls in ruin. Fatherland and Priam Have their due; if by one hand our towers Could be defended, by this hand, my own, They would have been. Her holy things, her gods Of hearth and household o Troy commends to you. Accept them as companions of your days; Go find for them the great walls that one day You'll dedicate, when you have roamed the sea. | The Aeneid by Virgil Speaker = Hector Culture = Rome Hector (a fallen leader of the Trojans) appears to Aeneas in a dream and tells him that the city has become under attack. This is important to both the text and culture because without this insight Aeneas would have not know to go defend and fight although he still did not win the battle. It is important to the text because it set Aeneas on his journey. It is important to the culture because it shows history while giving importance to the deceased which they often did. |
| "Unless I see the mark of the nails in his hands, and put my finger in the mark of the nails and my hand in his side, I will not believe." | Gospel of John/The Bible by John Speaker = Thomas Culture = Christianity Thomas did not believe that the other followers had seen the Lord. Later Jesus allowed him to see his hands and but his hand in his side and then Thomas believed. Jesus said blessed are those who have not seen yet have come to believe. This passage is significant to the text and culture because it was written so that you may come to believe in Jesus without seeing. It is added to the text to express this lesson which in turn is important to the culture. |
| I would rather follow the plow as thrall to another man, one with no land allotted him and not much to live on, than be a king over all the perished dead. | The Odyssey by Homer Speaker = Achilles Culture = Greek This passage reveals how Achilles really feels about death; that he would rather be alive and a slave than to be living among the dead in the underworld. This very much degrades the idea of kleos and hubris. It is foreshadowing Odysseus lowering his hubris and having to disguise as a beggar. It is significant to the text because of that and is significant to the culture because it shows the great war heroes true feelings. |
| But there is no mortal man alive, no strong man, who lightly could move the weight elsewhere. There is one particular feature in the bed's construction. I myself, no other man, made it. There was the bole of an olive tree with long leaves growing strongly in the courtyard, and it was thick, like a column. I laid down my chamber around this, and built it, until I finished it, with close- set stones, and roofed it well over, and added the compacted doors, fitting closely together. | The Odyssey by Homer Speaker = Odysseus Culture = Greek Odysseus speaks of his marriage bed and this is how Penelope knows that he is definitely Odysseus. He made it around an olive tree which is a symbol for Athena. This is important to the text because it is the point when Penelope knows it is Odysseus and it is a patronage of Athena for Odysseus and the marriage. The cultural context shows the help and power of the gods as well as the nation is whole again. |
| Tell me, Muse, of the man of many ways, who was driven far journeys, after he had sacked Troy's sacred citadel. Many were they whose cities he saw, whose minds he learned of, many the pains he suffered in his spirit on the wide sea, struggling for his own life and the homecoming of his companions. | The Odyssey by Homer Speaker = Narrator/Homer Culture = Greek This is the very opening of the Odyssey and it makes O seem very great, worldly, and powerful. It sets the stage for what the epic is going to be about and by making O seem great makes the culture seem great. |
| ...So we must stand on the side of what is orderly; we cannot give victory to a woman. If we must accept defeat, let it be from a man; we must no let people say that a woman beat us... | Antigone by Sophocles Speaker = Creon Culture = Greek This shows the significance of gender roles within the text and culture. Creon does not want to be disobeyed by anyone especially by a female. Women cannot only disobey a law but they also cannot disobey men. |
| Turn your two eyes This way and see this people, your own Romans. Here is Caesar [Julius Caesar], and the line of Iulus, All who shall one day pass under the dome Of the great sky: this is the man, this one, Of whom so often you have heard the promise, Caesar Augustus [Octavian], son of the deified [Julius Caesar], Who shall bring once again an Age of Gold To Latium, to the land where Saturn reigned In early times. | The Aeneid by Virgil Speaker = Anchises Culture = Rome Aeneas' dad tells him of future city he will found which will lead directly to Augustus' reign. This propels the story forward while also having significant cultural context. Virgil uses propaganda to make Augustus' lead seem as if it was destiny for him to bring glory and peace to Rome. |
| Three full centuries That kingdom will be ruled by Hector’s race, Until the queen and priestess, Ilia, Pregnant by Mars, will bear twin sons to him. Afterward, happy in tawn pelt His nurse, the she-wolf, wears, young Romulus Will take the leadership, build walls of Mars, And call by his own name his people Romans. | The Aeneid by Virgil Speaker = Jupiter Culture = Rome This shows Jupiter describing how and by whom Rome will be founded. This sets the stage for the story and the gods interactions to make this prophecy come true. It also gives great divine power to Rome for Jupiter was in favor of its founding and guided it. |
| Although he had performed so many signs in their presence, they did not believe in him. This was to fulfill the word spoken by the prophet Isaiah: "Lord, who has believed our message, and to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?" And so they could not believe, because Isaiah also said, "He has blinded their eyes and hardened their heart, so that they might not look with their eyes, and understand with their heart and turn— and I would heal them." Isaiah said this because he saw his glory and spoke about him. | Gospel of John/The Bible by John Speaker = John Culture = Christianity This is significant to believing in Jesus again. It shows that the Jews did not believe in Jesus even after seeing the signs. It seems they were blinded to the truth. The greater meaning is believing in God. |
| Can our love Not hold you, can the pledge we gave not hold you, Can Dido not, now sure to die in pain? ... Yes, by the marriage that we entered on, If ever I did well and you were grateful Or found some sweetness in a gift from me, Have pity now on a declining house! Put this plan by, I beg you, if a prayer Is not yet out of place. Because of you, Libyans and nomad kings Destest me, my own Tyrians are hostile; Because of you, I lost my integrity And that admired name by which alone I made my way once toward the stars. | The Aeneid by Virgil Speaker = Dido Culture = Rome This passage shows how upset Dido is for Aeneas to leave. It emphasizes the power of women. However it adds to Aeneas' devotion to following the gods orders. |
| In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things came into being through him, and without him not one thing came into being. What has come into being in him was life, and the life was the light of all people. The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not overcome it. | Gospel of John/The Bible by John Speaker = John Culture = Christianity This is the beginning of the gospel and says that Jesus was there at the at the creation of the earth with God. John goes back to prove Jesus' divinity. It is important to the culture because it proves that Jesus is God. It is important to the text because it adds validity to Jesus' divinity. |
| “Hear me, Poseidon who circle the earth, dark-haired. If truly I am your son, and you acknowledge yourself as my father, grant that Odysseus, sacker of cities, son of Laertes, who makes his home in Ithaka, may never reach that home; but if it is decided that he shall see his own people, and come home to his strong-founded house and to his own country, let him come late, in bad case, with the loss of all his companions, in someone else's ship, and find troubles in his household.” | The Odyssey by Homer Speaker = Polyphemus Culture = Greek The cyclops Polyphemus is asking his father Poseidon to curse Odysseus for he has hurt him. Everything he curses upon O happens. It adds drama to the story and prolongs O's homecoming. For the culture it shows the power of the gods |
| "I am the resurrection and the life. Those who believe in me, even though they die, will live, and everyone who lives and believes in me will never die. Do you believe this?" She said to him, "Yes, Lord, I believe that you are the Messiah, the Son of God, the one coming into the world. | Gospel of John/The Bible by John Speaker = Jesus Culture = Christianity Jesus is discussing with Martha about how he is both life and death. He is assuring her that his followers will have eternal life. This is important because it shows that no matter what if you believe in Jesus and God you will live eternally. It is important to the text because it expresses this idea to the people while validating that it is true because Jesus himself has said it. |
| Learn fortitude and toil from me, my son, Ache of true toil. Good fortune learn from others. My sword arm now will be your shield in battle And introduce you to the boons of war. When, before long, you come to man's estate, Be sure you recall this. Harking back For models in your family, let your father, Aeneas, and uncle, Hector, stir your heart. | The Aeneid by Virgil Speaker = Aeneas Culture = Rome Aeneas is now playing the role of father and teaching his son how to be a warrior. He is finally achieving the heroic status of Hector. It is again tracing the lineage of Rome to great warriors and strong leaders. This is important to the theme of family that is presented throughout this epic. |
| You wretch, so devious, never weary of tricks, then you would not even in your own country give over your ways of deceiving and your thievish tales. They are near to you in your very nature. | The Odyssey by Homer Speaker = Athena Culture = Greek This shows the close relationship between Athena and O. The closeness of the two adds to O's godliness. This proves just how good at trickery O. It adds a sense of humor to the text. It adds power and to O. |
| ...For a man, though he be wise, it is no shame to learn- learn many things, and not maintain his views too rigidly...You notice how by streams in wintertime the trees that yield preserve their branches safely, but those that fight the tempest perish utterly. The man who keeps the sheet of his sail tight and never slackens capsizes his boat and make the rest of his trip keep uppermost... | Antigone by Sophocles Speaker = Haimon Culture = Greek Haimon is trying to convince his father that he is too harsh with determining Antigone's punishment. He says it is okay to make mistakes and learn from them. This is foreshadowing his father making a mistake and learning from it (not listening to the prophet/oracle and having all of his family die). It is a good metaphor which is used a lot in literary works from the Greeks. It is important to the culture because people can relate to it. |
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