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Description
Flashcards by bexydurston, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by bexydurston
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Capitalism - An economic and political system in which a country's trade/industry are controlled by private owners for profits | - our economy/society now - selling products/services |
| Left Wing Politics - political positions/activities that accept/support social equality, in opposition to social hierarchy/inequality | - Cuba, China, North Korea - Labour party |
| Right Wing Politics - political positions that view forms of social stratification/inequality as natural/normal | - Market-Liberalism - Hitler/Stalin - Conservative party |
| Market Liberalism (right wing) - the free market. supportive of 'the way things are' - asserts economic benefits of capitalism | a free market in conjunction with democracy = best political model for well-being |
| State Intervention - when the state sets laws about the employment, health and safety and wages | - Health and Safety laws - minimum wage |
| Laws of Supply and Demand - convincing the customer to buy the product and cause huge demand | - can demand be created? - Yes |
| Competition - based on price and quality. Regulates the market by allowing products with higher quality to be successful | High-end products vs low-end products |
| Consumer Sovereignty - market liberals decide which businesses succeed and fail | - iPhone = succeed - other smart-phones = didn't succeed - consumer is KING |
| Globalisation - process of international integration from the interchange of world views | International trade |
| Privatisation - when the government sells off industries to individuals to raise more money for other industries | - Gas - Electricity - Water - BT = all private now |
| Cultural Imperialism - when one culture takes over/whips out other cultures | US culture (Western culture) |
| McDonaldisation (PECC) - Principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate sectors of society | ready meals for busy parents |
| - Predictability - | Products, services and décor are the same |
| - Efficiency - most efficient way of getting from A to B. Customers expect the same level of efficiency | numerous rules and regulations for staff to follow |
| - Calculability - everything is measured and controlled. Workers expected to work fast. | Time taken to prepare food |
| - Control - customers controlled in order to conform to the ideal - 'Eat quickly and leave' | limited menu opinions |
| Disneyfication - critique of Disney based on: - trivialization -sanitization | Pocahontas is based on racism but is sanitized for children |
| Disneyization (THMP) - a critique of Disney | Pocahontas is based on racism but is sanitized for children |
| - Theming - - theme pubs/restaurant -provides service as entertainment | theme pubs/restaurants |
| - Hybrid Consumption - 1)stay longer 2)creation of a destination 3)achieved: -diversity -tactile, interactive | shopping, travelling, visiting a zoo |
| - Merchandising - promotion of good, franchising, co-promotion of items linked by a common theme | -Universities -Celebrities -Services (police) -Rock Bands |
| - Performative Labour - workers are cast members - audition instead of interview | audition instead of interview |
| Karl Marx (wrote largely before modern consumer culture) - predicted collapse of capitalism | ever widening gap between rich and poor |
| Bourgeoisie (Marx) - the ruling class - own all things necessary to produce wealth | Government |
| Proletariat (Marx) - own labour - physically/intellectually skilled | Everyone else |
| Base/Superstructure Model (Marx) - | Base: forces/relations of production - employer/employee Superstructure: everything not directly to do with productions |
| Conflict of Material Interest (Marx) - bourgeoisie's aim is to make as much profit as possible, so it's in their best interests to pay workers as little as possible | minimum wage |
| Alienation of Workers (Marx) - labour is a commodity to be bought and sold so individual workers find themselves in competition for jobs | Made in Dagenham |
| False Consciousness (Marx) - marxists believed we're kept in this state by ideologies. prevents proleteriate from succeeding | believing capitalism is a democracy that promotes political freedom |
| Commodity Fetishism (Marx) - the perception of the social relationships involved in production, economic relationships among the money/commodities exchanged in market trade | we think of ourselves as modern, but our approach to commodities is the same as others. |
| Bernays - advertising based on subconscious desires | smoking ad in the 1920's for women: 'Torches for freedom' |
| Conspicuous Consumption (Veblen) - the spending of money on and acquiring of luxury goods/services to publicity display economic power | flaunting the fact that they don't have to work for a living |
| Social Emulation (Veblen) - the idea that whenever individuals by cultural products conspicuously, in order to emulate their superiors | Kate Middleton - wears a high street dress and next day its sold out |
| Elitism - the belief/attitude that some individuals who form an elite group of people with a certain quality/worth | Made in Chelsea |
| F R Leavis - Influential British lieracy critic | dislike low brow taste |
| Raymond Williams - Welsh academic, novelist and critic | contribution to the Marxist critique of culture and the arts |
| RSA (Althusser) - Repressive State Apparatus | used to suppress and dominate working class |
| ISA (Althusser) - Ideological state apparatus | belong to private domain - churches and schools |
| Interpellation (Althusser) - hailed into identities by adverts that surround us | 'I like blue' it's been presented to you, you choose to accept it |
| Hegemony (Gramsci) - the predominant influence, as of a state, region, or group, over another or others | Ancient Greece under the hegemony of Thebes (371-362 BC) |
| Popular Culture = Brainwashing (Frankfurt School) - the dissemination of the ruling class ideologies | pop music, TV and Jazz |
| Incorporation (Frankfurt School) - making something part of a whole. Can also refer to making a company a legal corporation | the 'Inc.' at the end of the name o |
| False needs (Marcuse) - a failure to recognise the instruments of ones oppression | member of an oppressed class unwittingly adopt views of the oppressors class |
| Standardisation (Adorno) - formularic/similar products | - pop music - film plots are always the same |
| Pseudo-Individualisation (Adorno) - identical differences make products seem distinctive, but they're not | iPhone 4/iPhone 4s |
| High Brow Taste (Bourdieu) - Belongs to the middle/higher class | art, literature, pronunciation matters |
| Low Brow Taste (Bourdieu) - Working class | Soap Operas |
| Habitus (Bourdieu) - the way you've been brought up | sticking to tastes you've been brought up with |
| Consumerism - social and economic order that encouraged the acquisition of goods/services | shopping |
| Fiske - consumer sovereignty - positive view on consumerism as empowering individuals | - savvy consumer - high budget movies that fail |
| Planned Obsolescence - a policy of producing consumer goods that rapidly become obsolete and so require replacing | Early light bulbs |
| Organised Creation of Dissatisfaction - 'the key to economic prosperity is the OCD if everyone was satisfied no one would buy anything | car companies creating new models to keep customers buying |
| Brand Identity - how a business wants to be perceived by consumers | - Logo's/Products - Coca-Cola/Pepsi |
| Celebrity Endorsement - a form of advertising that commands a high degree of recognition, trust and respect among people | Beyoncé = pepsi David Beckham = H&M |
| Thingification (Lash and Lury) | the fact or process of turning something into a thing |
| Cathedrals of Consumption - commercial displays meant to awe/inspire | shopping centres/sports stadiums |
| Feminism (general) - any discrimination or stereotyping of women can be described in terms of feminism | 1st, 2nd and 3rd wave feminism |
| Simone de Beauvoir ("one is not born a woman, but becomes one") - Having to prove you are a woman, not a girl | puberty/cleaning/cooking |
| Simone de Beauvoir ("he is the subject, he is the absolute - she is the other") | he is to be listened to and obeyed |
| Naomi Wolf - the Beauty Myth | a book written by Naomi Wolf she said that beauty is a currency, 'like a gold standard' |
| Laura Mulvey - Scopophilia - deriving pleasure from looking | James Bond films |
| Laura Mulvey - the male gaze - occurs when the audience views from the perspective of a heterosexual man | focusing on women's curves |
| Germaine Greer - "status ought not to be measured by a woman's ability to attract and snare a man" | If a woman can attract a man - surely she is more powerful? |
| Germaine Greere - "the housewife is an unpaid worker in her husband's house" | Housewifes work in the house they live in - in order to stay in that house they must clean in |
| Post-Modernism - Fragmentation - fragmented society | non-linear narrative post-modern film/books |
| Cultural value - some practises are better than others? | Shakespeare vs Big Brother |
| Postmodern identity - unchanging | fragmented |
| Style over Substance | appearance is important |
| Postmodern Irony - meant to be cynically mocked | sharknado... |
| Pastiche/Parody - copy of something intended to be a tribute | Kill Bill movie |
| Bricolage - smashing something together - collage | Mona Lisa with a moustache |
| Post-Modernism (Baudrillard) - Hyperreality - unable to depict what's real and not real | pop stars/second hand representations/pictures |
| Post-Modernism (Lyotard rejects metanarratives) - grand narratives/universal truths (use to disagree with any theory) | Darwins' evolution of life |
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