Flashcards
A2 Communication and Culture theories
Cards in this deck (45)
- 1Who coined the term 'La Perruque', and what does it mean?De Certeau
'Wearing the Wig' meaning to pretend to conform, but get away with minor rebellious discrepancies. - 2What theory is Baudrillard?Hyperrealtiy - Cant differentiate between mediated and true reality
- 3Who's theory is about people rejecting Meta narratives, and what do they mean?Lyotard - Rejects the metanarrative. We are all different cant be made representative
- 4What is Bricolage?Use or reference to one text from within another.
i.e mention of a book in a film - 5What is post modern irony?Pointing out discrimination as humor
- 6Define Postmodern identity.It is a fractured identity, where it can change and adjust depending on the situation or the people you are with.
- 7What is cultural value?The degree to which a cultural product is appreciated.
High/low brow - 8Who coined the term, 'Beauty myth'?Naomi Wolf
Medias construct of beauty is impossible - 9What 2 theories did Laura Mulvey found?- Scopophilia = Pleasure from watching, A film is an alternative reality
-The male gaze = Used in cinema as the camera follows the male agze over the women, making the audience see from male perspective and judge through mens eyes - 10Quote Germaine Greer."English culture is basically homosexual in the sense that men only really care about men."
- 11Quote Simone De Beauvoir"One is not born, but rather becomes a woman" - Referring to societal gender constructs and conformity
"He is subject, he is absolute. She is other" - Refers to superiority of men and the oppression over women - 12Who coined Symbolic Boundaries and what is it?Stuart Hall
A defense mechanism, always see yourself as better. A manufactured, hypothetical boundary between class, gender, ethnicity etc to maintain superiority.
Sometimes are attractive - 13Who coined Orientalism?Edward Said
-West takes no interest in culture an teach their as normal
- Generalise all orientals, depicting them as unchanging and not progressive, Archaic and barbaric - 14Binary oppositions were coined by who and what are their purpose?Jacques Derrida
Two opposing terms, 1 always being dominant - 15What theory does Fiske follow?-Power of subordinate groups to transform meanings of objects
(Positive view on identity and objects of desire) - 16What does Bourdieu say?- Habitus- learning through paretns social position through cultural products e.g. m/c museums, galleries, opera
- 17Name and define the 2 theories of Adorno!- Standardisation = crave standardised products to reflect and validate standardised lives.
-Pseudo-individualisation = pop culture = freedom of choice is an illusion as we are just imitating one another. - 18Marcuse coined the term 'False needs'. Define and quoteFalse needs is when you are indoctrinated into believing something is a necessity .
"Happy robots chasing false needs" - 19Frankfurt School. Who are they? What do they generally believe?Marcuse, Adorno and Horkheimer.
Pop culture is brainwashing & diseminating ideologies.
Incorporation - rebel against capitalism but it gets incorporated eg. punk - 20Who coined the concept of winning and re-winning consent?Gramsci
Idea that hegemony discovered by masses so subordinate groups believe it has won but dominant groups take it back - 21Althusser said what...? (X2)RSA and ISA (repressive and ideological state apparatus')
Interpellation - ads hail us into different identities using discourse
"You could look like me if you buy this" - 22Who claimed "Culture is ordinary" and what did they mean?Raymond Williams
Culture is something we come across everyday - 23F R LeavisElitism
High culture is superior > teaches about human condition and life
Pop culture is superficial - 24Veblen's theory was..?Conspicious consumption
-use of codes attaching signifiers to objects
i.e wealth to Louboutins
(sends a message) - 25What kind of things does Bernays talk about?Advertising
ads based upon subconcious desires
-make a product desirable makes it easier to manipulate the consumer
i.e Disney sells a happy family - 26Define commodity fetishismMarxist idea that products are given a symbolic value, we worship it = more power than practical use
- 27False consciousness is...?Marxist concept whereby we are indoctrinated into believing capitalism is good and benefits the working class
- 28Alienation of workersAlienated from one another - competing for jobs
Alienated from products - factory line, never create a final product - 29What other thing do Marxists believe leads to exploitation of workers?Conflict of material interests
W/C = more pay
M/C = Less wages + higher prices = more profit - 30What do Marxists call the economic structure?Base/superstructure = capitalism
- 31Define DisneyficationTrivialises things to make them appear more attractive
=nicer
=cleaner - 32Acronym for DisneyizationT-Theming
H-Hybrid Consumption
M-Merchandising
P-Performative Labour - 33ThemingUsing a theme to encourage customers
- 34Hybrid ConsumptionEverything is put together
-all in one-
e.g. waterstones and costa - 35MerchandisingAdvertises itself
promotes and adds more profit - 36Performative LabourPerform and act in a certain way to work there
e.g. requirements for staff is strict at disney - 37McDonaldizationP-Predictability
E-Efficiency
C-Control
C-Calcuability - 38PredictabilityAll the same you know what you're getting.
De-individualizes us stopping us from trying something new - 39EfficiencyQuickest way to do something
i.e factory line - 40ControlSupervised - checked on efficiency
Consumer control - drive thru, disposable packaging, uncomfortable, harsh lighting - 41CalcuabilityEverything is calculated and equal get the most out of something = spend less and more profit
- 42Market Liberalism coined consumer sovereignty, which is?The consumer rules, creating the demand for the supply
- 43GlobalisationBuy goods and labour around the world, less intervention = lower wages and lower cost for resources
- 44CompetitionRegulates the market
ensuring high quality and low prices - 45Free marketEveryone has an equal chance to start a business