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Flashcards by melissa.hobbs, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by melissa.hobbs
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Who coined the term 'La Perruque', and what does it mean? | De Certeau 'Wearing the Wig' meaning to pretend to conform, but get away with minor rebellious discrepancies. |
| What theory is Baudrillard? | Hyperrealtiy - Cant differentiate between mediated and true reality |
| Who's theory is about people rejecting Meta narratives, and what do they mean? | Lyotard - Rejects the metanarrative. We are all different cant be made representative |
| What is Bricolage? | Use or reference to one text from within another. i.e mention of a book in a film |
| What is post modern irony? | Pointing out discrimination as humor |
| Define Postmodern identity. | It is a fractured identity, where it can change and adjust depending on the situation or the people you are with. |
| What is cultural value? | The degree to which a cultural product is appreciated. High/low brow |
| Who coined the term, 'Beauty myth'? | Naomi Wolf Medias construct of beauty is impossible |
| What 2 theories did Laura Mulvey found? | - Scopophilia = Pleasure from watching, A film is an alternative reality -The male gaze = Used in cinema as the camera follows the male agze over the women, making the audience see from male perspective and judge through mens eyes |
| Quote Germaine Greer. | "English culture is basically homosexual in the sense that men only really care about men." |
| Quote Simone De Beauvoir | "One is not born, but rather becomes a woman" - Referring to societal gender constructs and conformity "He is subject, he is absolute. She is other" - Refers to superiority of men and the oppression over women |
| Who coined Symbolic Boundaries and what is it? | Stuart Hall A defense mechanism, always see yourself as better. A manufactured, hypothetical boundary between class, gender, ethnicity etc to maintain superiority. Sometimes are attractive |
| Who coined Orientalism? | Edward Said -West takes no interest in culture an teach their as normal - Generalise all orientals, depicting them as unchanging and not progressive, Archaic and barbaric |
| Binary oppositions were coined by who and what are their purpose? | Jacques Derrida Two opposing terms, 1 always being dominant |
| What theory does Fiske follow? | -Power of subordinate groups to transform meanings of objects (Positive view on identity and objects of desire) |
| What does Bourdieu say? | - Habitus- learning through paretns social position through cultural products e.g. m/c museums, galleries, opera |
| Name and define the 2 theories of Adorno! | - Standardisation = crave standardised products to reflect and validate standardised lives. -Pseudo-individualisation = pop culture = freedom of choice is an illusion as we are just imitating one another. |
| Marcuse coined the term 'False needs'. Define and quote | False needs is when you are indoctrinated into believing something is a necessity . "Happy robots chasing false needs" |
| Frankfurt School. Who are they? What do they generally believe? | Marcuse, Adorno and Horkheimer. Pop culture is brainwashing & diseminating ideologies. Incorporation - rebel against capitalism but it gets incorporated eg. punk |
| Who coined the concept of winning and re-winning consent? | Gramsci Idea that hegemony discovered by masses so subordinate groups believe it has won but dominant groups take it back |
| Althusser said what...? (X2) | RSA and ISA (repressive and ideological state apparatus') Interpellation - ads hail us into different identities using discourse "You could look like me if you buy this" |
| Who claimed "Culture is ordinary" and what did they mean? | Raymond Williams Culture is something we come across everyday |
| F R Leavis | Elitism High culture is superior > teaches about human condition and life Pop culture is superficial |
| Veblen's theory was..? | Conspicious consumption -use of codes attaching signifiers to objects i.e wealth to Louboutins (sends a message) |
| What kind of things does Bernays talk about? | Advertising ads based upon subconcious desires -make a product desirable makes it easier to manipulate the consumer i.e Disney sells a happy family |
| Define commodity fetishism | Marxist idea that products are given a symbolic value, we worship it = more power than practical use |
| False consciousness is...? | Marxist concept whereby we are indoctrinated into believing capitalism is good and benefits the working class |
| Alienation of workers | Alienated from one another - competing for jobs Alienated from products - factory line, never create a final product |
| What other thing do Marxists believe leads to exploitation of workers? | Conflict of material interests W/C = more pay M/C = Less wages + higher prices = more profit |
| What do Marxists call the economic structure? | Base/superstructure = capitalism |
| Define Disneyfication | Trivialises things to make them appear more attractive =nicer =cleaner |
| Acronym for Disneyization | T-Theming H-Hybrid Consumption M-Merchandising P-Performative Labour |
| Theming | Using a theme to encourage customers |
| Hybrid Consumption | Everything is put together -all in one- e.g. waterstones and costa |
| Merchandising | Advertises itself promotes and adds more profit |
| Performative Labour | Perform and act in a certain way to work there e.g. requirements for staff is strict at disney |
| McDonaldization | P-Predictability E-Efficiency C-Control C-Calcuability |
| Predictability | All the same you know what you're getting. De-individualizes us stopping us from trying something new |
| Efficiency | Quickest way to do something i.e factory line |
| Control | Supervised - checked on efficiency Consumer control - drive thru, disposable packaging, uncomfortable, harsh lighting |
| Calcuability | Everything is calculated and equal get the most out of something = spend less and more profit |
| Market Liberalism coined consumer sovereignty, which is? | The consumer rules, creating the demand for the supply |
| Globalisation | Buy goods and labour around the world, less intervention = lower wages and lower cost for resources |
| Competition | Regulates the market ensuring high quality and low prices |
| Free market | Everyone has an equal chance to start a business |
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