Chemical Tests

Question	Answer
Lithium	Li+ ions turn flame crimson. (Kurt Cobain, Lithium, crime -> crimson
Sodium	Na+ turns flame orange/yellow. Yellow lemonade is SODa.
Potassium	K+ ions turns flame lilacK
Calcium	Ca2+ ions turn flame brick red. Builder drinking milk.
Ammonium (NH4+) NH4+ + OH- -> NH3 + H2O	Add NaOH solution and warm, resulting gas will turn DAMP red litmus blue
Copper (II) Cu(II) ion (aq) + 2 OH- ions (aq) -> Cu(OH)2 (s)	Add NaOH solution. Pale blue precipitate of Cu(OH)2 forms.
Iron (II)	Add NaOH solution, green Iron (II) hydroxide precipitates.
Iron (III)	Add sodium hydroxide, rusty brown Iron (III) hydroxide precipitates.
Cl-	Add nitric acid, then silver nitrate. WHITE AgCl precipitates, soluble in dilute ammonia.
Br-	Add nitric acid then silver (I) nitrate sol., cream AgBr precipitates, sol. in conc. ammonia
I-	Add nitric acid, add silver (I) nitrate, yellow AgI precipitates, insol. in Ammonia
Sulfate	Add HCl, then BaCl2, white BaSO4 precipitates.
Carbonate CO3 ion + 2H+ ion ->CO2 + H2O	Add HCl. Bubble resulting gas through limewater, which will turn cloudy.
Ammonia	Turns damp red litmus blue
CO2	Turns limewater cloudy. Ca(OH)2 + CO2 -> CaCO3 + H2O
Chlorine gas	damp blue litmus turns red then is bleached white
Hydrogen 2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O	Ignites with a squeaky pop.
Water (1)	Pass vapour over anhydrous copper sulfate crystals. (WHITE TO BLUE)
Water (2)	Put water on anydrous cobalt chloride paper. Turns blue to pink.

Resource summary

	Created by James Lamming almost 13 years ago