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Flashcards

History Mid term-flashcards

Isi English 116 cards

Cards in this deck (116)

  1. 1The Cultural and Trading center of the Hellenistic Society was where?Alexandria
  2. 2After this battle, Pheidppides ran almost 30 miles to deliver a message to AthensMarathon
  3. 3Reformer who made all Athenians equal under the law.. who was he?Draco
  4. 4Macedonian who conquered GreecePhillip II
  5. 5Battle where Sparta earned its reputation for its brave and fearless warriorsThermopylae
  6. 6Leader of Greece during the Golden Age who strengthened democracyPericles
  7. 7The spreading of one society's unique way of life to another societyCultural Diffusion
  8. 8Who was Socrates student who wrote The Republic?Plato
  9. 9Who was the creator of the Iliad?Homer
  10. 10What was the war that was started by Darius the Great?Persian War
  11. 11What was the war between Athens and Sparta?Peloponnesian War
  12. 12During ancient times, which form of government did social status play a role?Aristocracy
  13. 13Why is the government during the Age of Pericles referred to as a "direct" democracy?Because citizens ruled directly through voting: they did not elect representatives
  14. 14During the Greeks and Spartan period, which people emphasized, strength, duty and discipline.Spartans
  15. 15The Minoan contribution to Greek development was what?An early form of writing
  16. 16Hellenism is a blend of which cultures?Greek, Egyptian, and Persian cultures
  17. 17The Persian army that invaded Greece in 480 B.C. and was defeated at the sear near Salamis was led by whom?Xerxes
  18. 18Why did Alexander the Great refuse the peace settlement that was offered by Darius III?Because Alexander's quick victory made him want the entire Persian Empire
  19. 19Where did Minoans live?Crete
  20. 20A phalanx was a type of what?Military formation
  21. 21Which philosopher was condemned to death for "corrupting the youth of Athens" and "neglecting the city's gods"?Socrates
  22. 22What was the main difficulty in uniting the Greeks under one single government?The geography of the region
  23. 23Did Athenian women have any rights? Yes or NoNO. But they were allowed to own property, receive an education, allowed to divorce and could vote
  24. 24What did classical art during the Golden Age of Greece attempt to portray?Ideal beauty
  25. 25What is Archimedes known for?Discovering Pi
  26. 26What are some of the key differences between Athens and Sparta?1. Athens gave no rights to women
    2.Spartan women had rights
    3.Athens was known for its arts
    4. Sparta was known for its military
    5. Athens had more riches than Sparta
  27. 27What is cultural diffusion?The mixing of different cultures and sharing each others ideas and ways
  28. 28How did Alexander Great spread Persian culture to Greece?By marrying a Persian Woman
  29. 29What is an Epic?A long poem with the main character usually being a hero
  30. 30What is an example of an Epic?The Illiad, written by Homer
  31. 31What were some of conquests of Alexander the Great?He conquered Persia, Egypt and India
  32. 32Did Alexander the Great have to take Egypt by force?NO. Once he arrived they treated him like a Pharaoh.
  33. 33Why did Alexander the Great stop conquering?His army was tired of fighting after 11 years, so he decided to return home
  34. 34What were some ways that the geography of ancient Greek's affected their way of life?1. Traveling was difficult- mountains, and rocky roads
    2. Poor water system (irrigation), made it difficult for farming
    3. Their government was divided into small and separate governments because it was hard to communicate with each other
  35. 35What is the form of government where voters elect officials to run the government?A Republic
  36. 36What is called a military unit that is composed of 5,000 soldiers and cavalry?A Legion
  37. 37During Roman Times what was called a political alliance of three rulers?A Tribumvirate
  38. 38What is the name of an absolute rulerA Dictator
  39. 39What was the branch of Roman Legislature that represented the wealthy land owners?The Senate
  40. 40Who were the farmers and workers that made up most of the Roman population?The Plebeians
  41. 41Who were the elected representatives that protected the rights of the poor during Roman times?Tribunes
  42. 42What is called when there is a conflict between people within the same country?A civil war
  43. 43What is called when there is a drop in value of money and a rise in prices?Inflation
  44. 44The triumvirate of Julius Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey ruled Rome for over 10 years - what happened that their agreement fell apart?Caesar and Pompey clashed and went to war
  45. 45The major power struggle in the early Roman republic was between what two groups?The military and the civilians
  46. 46What did the Roman empire experience during the 207 years of Pax Romana?Peace and Prosperity
  47. 47What were the reasons that the Roman Empire fell?1. Inflation
    2. invasions by Germanics and the Huns
    3. The disruption of trade by pirates
  48. 48Why did Diocletian decide to divide the Roman Empire?To make control of the vast empire easier
  49. 49In the early Roman government, who were the consuls?The chief executives of the government
  50. 50Carthage is located where?Northern Africa
  51. 51Where did Emperor Constantine move the capital of the Roman Empire to?Byzantium
  52. 52Why did the Germanic people decide to invade the Roman Empire?Because they were being attacked by the Huns
  53. 53Who was the Roman Emperor that split Rome into the east and west?Diocletian
  54. 54Who were the three rulers during the second Triumvirate?Octavian, Mark Anthony, and Lepidus
  55. 55When Pompey arrived in Egypt, the Egyptian King Ptolomey did what to him?Cut off his head
  56. 56How did the Roman move water, what did they build?Aqueducts
  57. 57Who was Tarquin the Proud?He was a harsh tyrant. He was hated by his citizens and was the last ruler of Rome.
  58. 58Who were the Gracchus brothers ( Tiberius and Gnaius)?They were brothers that wanted to give equal power to the lower class. They wanted to redistribute the land by taking it away from the land owners and giving it to the poor.They were disliked by the land owners and they were killed.
  59. 59What is the difference between a republic in Roman times and direct democracy in Athens times?In a direct democracy the citizens voted directly on issues, while in a republic the citizens voted for officials to represent them
  60. 60Describe a TriumvirateA three person ruling group
  61. 61Why was Julius Caesar seen as a good dictator?Because he gave all citizens equal rights; he also fought with his men by their side
  62. 62What were 3 advances that the Romans were responsible for?1. Building- made many sculptures
    2. Advances in literature with the alphabet
    3. created laws- the 12 tablets
  63. 63Who were the combatants during the Punic War?Carthage and Rome
  64. 64During the Punic Wars, what land were they fighting over?During the first Punic War, they fought over Sicily because it was a trade route.
    During the second Punic War it was about revenge due to the loss in the first Punic
    War.
  65. 65At the end of the Punic Wars who won?Rome
  66. 66What is the sacred text of Islam?The Qur'an
  67. 67What is the Islamic name for God?Allah
  68. 68What is the name of the Islamic house of worship?Mosque
  69. 69What is a pilgrimage to Mecca called?Hajj
  70. 70Who was the Muslim Prophet?Muhammad
  71. 71what does caliph mean?Leader of Islam, meaning successor
  72. 72Calligraphy is what?The art of beautiful handwriting
  73. 73When a split between two groups in a religion happens, what is it called?Schism
  74. 74What is a Shari'a?An Islamic Law
  75. 75A Sunna is what?An example of living Muhammad's life
  76. 76When the Angel Gabriel visited Muhammad, this could be best described as a ....Revelation
  77. 77How old was Muhammad when he started Islam?40
  78. 78The Hijrah was when Muhammad and his people journeyed from Mecca to what city?Medina
  79. 79What is the main cause of the split between the Sunni and the Shia?They disagree as to who should be the next Caliph
  80. 80Islam, Judaism, and Christianity can all be traced back to who?Abraham
  81. 81After Muhammad died, what did the first 4 leaders of Islam want to do?Expand Muhammad's territorial empire
  82. 82The Capital of the Abbasid Empire that is located in what is now modern day Iraq, was....Baghdad
  83. 83Why did the Muslim's use astronomy?to help them know which direction they should face to pray. they always had to face towards Mecca
  84. 84What is the term Jihad mean?an armed struggle against non believers
  85. 85What were the 5 pillars of Islam?1.Faith
    2. Praying
    3. Fasting
    4.Alms
    5. Pilgramage
  86. 86Describe each of the 5 pillars of Islam1. Faith: Believe that Allah was the one and only God
    2. Praying: Must pray 5 times a day and must face Mecca
    3. Fasting: Cannot eat pork or drink, and fast during Ramadan. You fast to show that your spirituality is more important than our physical needs.
    4. Alms: Be kind and help the weak.
    5. Pilgrimage: Known as Hajj. If you could you must travel to Mecca at least once in your lifetime.
  87. 87What caused the split between Sunni's and Shia's Muslims?The split between the Sunni and Shia was caused when Mohammad died and they could not decide who the next leader of Islam was to be. Shia believe next leader was to be a direct descendant of Muhammad while Sunni believed next leader could be someone that followed Muhammad's example.
  88. 88How were the people that were conquered by the Muslim's treated?Non-Muslims were treated with respect. they could practice their own religion, but had to pay taxes.
  89. 89What was the language of Ancient India?Sanskrit
  90. 90A Hindu Smriti Text?Vedas
  91. 91A Hindu Shruti TextThe Upanishads
  92. 92What is meant by Tanha?Desire
  93. 93What does Moksha mean?Liberation from Samsara
  94. 94What does Samsara mean?The circle of Reincarnation
  95. 95Who was the Hindu Preserver God?Vishnu
  96. 96Who was the Hindu Destroyer God?Shiva
  97. 97Who was the Hindu Creator God?Brahma
  98. 98What is Dukkha?Suffering
  99. 99What does Hedonism mean?Leading a life based on pleasure
  100. 100What is the practice of self denial?Asceticism
  101. 101The Buddhas's teachings is...Dharma
  102. 102True or False The ultimate goal of Buddhism is non-violence while the ultimate goal of Hinduism is MokshaTrue
  103. 103True or False The Third Noble Truth of Buddhism is that the origin (cause) of Dukkah is Samsara.False
  104. 104True or False The Hindu God Vishu has avatars.True
  105. 105True or False In the Hindu religion they believe that members of all castes can be liberated from SamsaraFalse
  106. 106True or False The first Buddha did not believe himself to be anything but an ordinary humanTrue
  107. 107The word Karma can best be defined as?Action
  108. 108Samsara is an idea found in which religions?Buddhism and Hinduism
  109. 109In Hinduism all Gods are sometimes viewed as a representation of?Brahma
  110. 110This element of the 8 fold path falls under the "ethical conduct" category.Right Action
  111. 111What caused Siddhartha Gautama to leave his life as a prince and become a Mendicant?The Four sights
  112. 112The best way to enlightenment according to Buddha is?The Middle Way
  113. 113The 1st Noble Truth is that all life is....Dukkah
  114. 114What were some of Julius Ceasar's reforms?-Freed the slave laborers
    -Gave the now free slaves land
    -Started building projects
    -Created the Julian calendar (365 day calendar and 1 extra day every four years -leap year)
  115. 115What caused the fall of the Roman Empire?-Rome's economy is weak after many battles
    -There is political and military turmoil: soldiers become mercenaries
    -Their trade routes are impacted by pirates
  116. 116Diocletian, what type of emperor was he?He was a strong military leader but:
    -he limited personal freedom
    -created ceremonies
    -divided the empire in various territories to better control them

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Flashcards on History Mid term-flashcards, created by Isi on 03/01/2014.
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