Flashcards
Anatomy and physionomie
Cards in this deck (157)
- 1Where is the elbow joint locatedHinge joint between the distal end of the humerus and the proximal ends of the ulna and radius joint
- 2Scapular in motion: Synergist muscle used for elevation- Superior trapezius
- Levator scapulae
- Rhomboids - 3Scapular in motion: Synergist muscle used for downward rotation- Pectoralis minor
- Levator scapulae
- Rhomboids
- Latissimus dorsi - 4Scapular in morion: Synergist muscle used for for upward rotation- Superior trapezius
- Inferior trapezius
- Serrates Anterior - 5Tendons and ligament fibre compositionMade from collagen
- 6What muscle are used for the upward rotation of the scapularSerrates anterior and upper and lower trapezius
- 7Muscle used for the Glenohumeral AbductionRotator cuff and the deltoids
- 8Resting position of the scapularOn the posterior thorax from the midline between the 2nd through the 7th ribs.
- 9Movements of the scapular- Protraction
- Retraction
- Depression
- Elevation
- Downward rotation
- Upward rotation - 10Scapular in motion: synergist muscle used for protraction- Pectoralis Minor
- Serrates Anterior - 11Scapular in motion: synergist muscle used for depression- Pectoralis minor
- Inferior trapezius - 12Scapular in motion: Synergist muscle used for retraction- Rhomboids
- Middle trapezius
- Latissimus dorsi - 13Short lower erector spinae posture deviation is calledLumbar Lordosis
- 14The seven types of synovial joints- Pivot joint
- Hinge joint
- Saddle joint
- Ball and socket joint
- Condyloid joint
- Plane joint - 15Movement of the wrist joint- Flexion
- Extension/hyperextension
- Adduction
- Abduction - 16Movement of the Glenohumeral joint- Flexion
- Extension
- Adduction
- Abduction
- Transverse adduction
- Transverse abduction
- Transverse flexion
- Transverse extension
- Medial rotation
- Lateral rotation - 17Long term effect on bone healthGreater bone mass and density
Increase muscle joint and balance - 18What are muscle spindleSensory receptors the detects changes in muscle length
- 19Muscle fiber is surrounded by whatSarcolema
- 20What does sarcolema containsSarcoplasm
- 21What stores, releases and retrieve calcium ionsThe sarcoplasmic reticulum
- 22Function of perimysiumTo allow the nervous system to trigger muscle movement by activation the muscle fascicle
- 23Muscle fibres are organise into fascicle by middle connective tissue calledPerimysium
- 24Inside muscle fascicle, the thin connective tissue is calledEndomysium
- 25Function of EpimysiumTo allow the muscle to contract and move
- 26The functional unit of skeletal muscle is calledSarcomere
- 27Actin and myosin are anchored to whatZ-disks
- 28Protein along the groove of the F-actinTropomyosin
- 29The Sliding filament theoryMyosin attaches to actin filament
Myosin then bends and pulls on the actin filament
New ATP attaches to myosin head
ATP splits into ADP and myosin head occurs - 30Function of endomysiumContains extracellular fluids and nutrient to support muscle fibres
- 31Function of Golgi tendon organsProvide information about muscle tension
- 32Smooth layer of the pericardium too allow blood flow of the heartEndocardium
- 33Membrane sac covering the heartPericardium
- 34Each muscle is wrapped with irregular connective tissue calledEpimysium
- 35The 3 layers of connective tissue in the skeletal muscle is calledMysia
- 36Place in the muscle where energy is releasedMitochondria
- 37Outer layer of the heart that protects itEpicardium
- 38Tough layer of the pericardiumMyocardium
- 39Type of muscles when several tendons with fibres running diagonally between themMultipennate muscles
- 40Types of muscles when shorter fibres are arranged obliquely to their tendonsPenate muscles
- 41What is the ATP molecule productionThe breakdown from nutrient, carbohydrate, fats and proteins
- 42Primary energy source of Lactic Acid systemStored glycogen, blood glucose
- 43Duration of activity of lactic acid system12s to 3 minutes
- 44Types of sporting events of lactic acid system800m run, 200m swim
- 45Advantages of lactic acid systemProduce energy under condition of inadequate oxygen
- 46Limiting factors of lactic acid systemLactic acid build up, H+ ions build up (decrease of PH)
- 47What is proximalNearest the center of the body
- 48What is InferiorBellow a reference point
- 49What is distalAway from the center of the body
- 50What is LateralFarther away from the midline of the body
- 51What is MedialCloser to the midline of the body
- 52What is posteriorOn or toward the back of the body
- 53What is AnteriorOn or toward the front of the body
- 54Short gluteus maximus and rectus femorisForward-tilting
- 555 types of bone- Long bones
- Short Bones
- Flat bones
- Irregular bones
- Sesamoid bones - 56Exemple of long boneHumerus
- 57Exemple of short bonTrapezoid, wrist bone
- 58exemple of flat boneSternum
- 59Exemple of irregular boneVertebra
- 60Exemple of sesamoid bonePatella
- 61Apendicular skeleton functionTo work with muscles to provide movement
- 62How many bone in the appendicular skeleton126
- 63Appendicular skeletons includesThe shoulder girdle, the hip girdle, arms, hands and feet
- 64Primary function of the axial skeletonTo protect the major organs of the body
- 65What organs does the axial skeleton protectThe brain, heart, lungs and spinal cord
- 66How many bones has the Axial skeleton80
- 67What does include the axial skeletonThe cranium, ribs, sternum and vertebral column
- 68The 2 skeleton parts- Axial
- Apendicular - 69The muscle connective tissues are- Epimysium
- Perimysium
- Endomysium - 70A group of muscle fibres is calledFascicle
- 71Loose connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibres is calledEndomysium
- 72Difference in Ligaments and tendonsLigaments increases mechanical stability of joints and guid joint motion and Tendons are Dynamic and attach muscle to bone
- 73Component of a long bone- Diaphysis
- Epiphysis
- Epiphyseal line
- Epiphyseal plate
- Articular cartilage
- Medullary cavity
- Red marrow
- Yellow marrow - 74Long bones of lower bodyFemur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals and phalanges
- 75Long bones of upper bodyClavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals and phalanges
- 76Types of cartilage- Hyaline
- Fibrocartilage
- Elastic - 77Lever parts- Lever Arm
- Fulcrum
- Resistance
- Effort - 78Types of joints- Fibrous joints
- Cartilaginous joints
- Synovial joints - 79Moveable jointsSinovial joints
- 80Immovable jointsCartilaginous joints
- 81Little to no movement jointsFibrous
- 82The plane of motion- Frontal
- Sagital
- Transverse - 83what is ipsilateralSame side of body
- 84What is contralateralOpposite side of the body
- 85Where is the glenohumeral joint locatedroundhead of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula joint
- 86The 5 function of the skeleton- Protect
- Shape
- Support
- Movement
- Blood production - 87Short calf muscles and rectus femorisSwayback knees
- 88Bone destroying cellsOsteoclasts
- 89Bone forming cellsOsteoblasts
- 90Biomechanics dysfunction altering joint motionAthrokinetic dysfunction
- 91What joint is located between the forearm and the handradio carpal joint
- 92Movement of the elbow jointFlexion
Extension - 93Decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue leading to bone fragilityOsteoporosis
- 94Bone calcium regulating hormonesParathyroid hormone
Vitamine D - 95Bone maintenance cellsOsteocytes
- 96What is superiorAbove a reference point
- 97Weak erector spinae posture deviationThoracic Kyphosis
- 98Short upper erector spinae posture deviationCervical Lordosis
- 99Movement of the spinal curvesFlexion
extension/hyperextension
Lateral flexion
Reduction
Rotation - 1003 major curvatures of the spinePosterior cervical curvature
Posterior Thoracic curvature
Posterior Lumbar curvature - 101Movement of the knee jointFlexion
Extension
Medial rotation
Lateral rotation - 102Movement of the scapular and the clavicle articulateAbduction
Adduction
Depression
Elevation
Upward rotation
Downward rotation - 103What separates atriasInteratrial septum
- 104What separates ventricleInterventricular Septum
- 105Chambers of the heartBicuspid valve
Tricuspid valve
Aortic valve
Pulmonary valve - 106What valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricleBicuspid valve
- 107What valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricleTricuspid valve
- 108What valve separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary arteryPulmonary valve
- 109What valve separates the left ventricle from the aortaAortic valve
- 110Function of the CV systemTransports deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs and oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
Transports Transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to tissue and oxygenated blood from the tissues to the heart
Distribute nutrients to the cells
Remove waste from the periphery to eliminate or reuse
Regulate PH control acidosis and alkalosis
Transports hormones and enzymes to regulate physiological function
Maintains fluid balance to prevent dehydration
Maintain body temperature by absorbing and redistributing heat - 111Articulation between the the lateral end of the clavicle with the acromion process of the scapulaAcromioclavicular joint
- 112Articulation where the manubrium of the sternum meets the clavicleSternoclavicular joint
- 113Sections of the spine and how many vertebrae each7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
4 Coccygeal - 114How many vertebrae in the vertebral column33
- 115Third class leverEffort between resistance and fulcrum
- 116Second class leverResistance between effort and fulcrum
- 117First class leverFulcrum between effort and resistance
- 118Types of levers1st class
2ns class
3rd class - 119where is hyaline cartilage locatedOn the end of articulating bones
- 120What is the inner layer of the synovial capsuleThe synovial membrane
- 121Shortening of muscle that moves in the opposite direction as resistanceConcentric
- 122Muscle develops tension while lengthening and moves in the same direction as resistanceEccentric
- 123The different muscle acton typesisotonic
Eccentric
Concentric
Isometric
Isokinetic - 124muscle shortens at constant speedIsokinetic
- 125No change in muscle length and force is equal to the resistanceIsometric
- 126Type of muscle when fibres run obliquely on both sides from a central tendonBipennate
- 127Type of muscle when fibres run obliquely from a tendon on one side onlyUnipennate
- 128What controls the flow and the pressure of bloodVasomotor
- 129Primary energy source of the high phosphate systemStored ATP CP
- 130Duration of activity of the high phosphate system7 to 12s
- 131Sporting event of high phosphate systemlong jump, 100m run, 25m swim
- 132Advantages of the high phosphate systemproduces large amount of energy in a short amount of time
- 133Limiting factors of high phosphate systemInitial concentration of high energy phosphate (ATP, PC)
- 134Muscle force velocityRefers to the muscle's ability to produce tension at differing shortening velocities
- 135Composition of troponinTn-A = Binds to actin
Tn-T= Binds to tropomyosin
Tn-C= Binds to calcium - 136The proteins of the actin filament areActin
Tropomyosin
Troponin - 137Sensors the provide information about joint angle, muscle length and tensionProprioceptors
- 138The joint between the patella, femur and tibiaThe knee joint
- 139Movement of the hip jointExtension
Flexion
Adduction
Abduction
Transverse Abduction
Medial rotation
Lateral rotation - 140The ball and socket synovial joint between the femur and acetabulum of the pelvisThe hip joint
- 141Short hip extensor and abdominals muscles, lioposoas and hamstringBackward tilting
- 142Fibres surrounding entire muscleEpimysium
- 143What surrounds the synovial jointThe synovial capsule
- 144What is the normal blood pressure rate120
80 - 145What are the 3 energy systemsATP, PC
Lactic acid
Oxygen - 146Red blood cells functionTransport oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body
- 147Composition of bloodBlood cells and platelets in plasma
- 148Whit blood cells functionProtect the blood from bacteria, viruses and foreign bodies
- 149Blood vessels functionTo deliver blood to the tissue
- 150Functions of the arteries and arteriolesTo carry blood away from the heart
- 151Blood flow through the heartDeoxygenated blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricule
Oxygenated blood flows from the left atrium to the left ventricle - 152When atrioventricular valves and surrounding fluid vibrations as valves close at the beginning of ventricular systoleFirst heart sound or Lubb
- 153Closure of aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves at beginning of ventricular diastole, lasts longerSecond heart sound or dupp
- 154Caused by turbulent blood flow into ventricles and detected near end of first one third of diastoleThird heart sound
- 155What is contraction of the heart chambersSystole
- 156what is relaxation of the heart chambersDiastole
- 157—
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- 4 Anatomy and physionomy Flashcards on Anatomy and physionomie , created by Julien Annino on 13/03/2016.
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