4901775
| Question | Answer |
| subconscious | below conscious awareness; sleeping and dreaming |
| sleep spindles | occurs during stage 2; short bursts of rapid, high amplitude brain waves |
| REM or rapid eye movement sleep | aka paradoxical sleep |
| NREM or non rapid eye movement sleep | sleep stage I-IV associated with slowing brain activity |
| restoration theory of sleep | sleep rejuvenates the mind and the body. REM sleep restores mental and brain functions, while NREM sleep restores key physical functions |
| adaptive theory of sleep | evolutionary psychologist argue that sleep patterns evolved so that humans could conserve energy and avoid predators |
| psychoanalytic/ psychodynamic view | according to Sigmund Freud dreams provide insights into the unconscious motives by expressing hidden desires and conflicts |
| activation - synthesis theory | dreams are a random event caused by firing of neurons in the brain, the brain synthesizes theses spontaneous signals into coherent patterns or dreams |
| information processing theory | proposed in 1993, theory states that dreams allow people to review and address problems they faced during walking life |
| Ernest Hilgard & "the Hidden Observer" | Hilgard conducted an experiment with hypnotized subjects who showed no sign of pain when they submerged their arms into an ice bath, but when asked to raise their index finger if they felt pain, 70% did. He theorized that hypnosis induces a special state of dissociation ( divided consciousness) that enabled the hypnotized subjects to consciously respond to the hypnotist's suggestion that the cold water was not painful |
| circadian rhythm | is a roughly 24 hour cycle in the physiological processes of living beings, including plants, animals, fungi and cyanobacteria. |
| alpha waves | the normal electrical activity of the brain when conscious and relaxed with a frequency of 8 to 13 hertz. |
| manifest content | hidden meaning of the dream |
| latent content | the dream itself as it is remembered |
| insomnia | inability to sleep |
| narcolepsy | extreme tendency to fall asleep whenever in relaxing surroundings |
| sleep apnea | to have one or more pauses in breathing or shallow breaths while you sleep |
| REM rebound | the lengthening and increasing frequency and depth of rapid eye movement |
| hypnosis | a state of consciousness in which an individual apparently loses power or control over voluntary action and is highly responsive to suggestion or direction |
| agonistic drugs | enhance a neurotransmitters effect |
| antagonistic drugs | inhibit a neurotransmitters effect |
| opiates | depress neural functioning ; numb the senses and relieves pain examples include Morphine, heroin, and codeine. Opiates are extremely addictive and withdrawal is painful |
| psychoactive drugs | acts primarily upon the central nervous system and alters the brain functioning |
| withdrawal | is the group of symptoms that occur upon the abrupt discontinuation or decrease in intake of medications or recreational drugs. In order to experience the symptoms of this, one must have first developed a physical or mental dependence. |
| tolerance | a person's diminished response to a drug, which occurs when the drug is used repeatedly and the body adapts to the continued presence of the drug. |
| depressant | drug that lowers neurotransmission levels, which is to depress or reduce arousal or stimulation, in various areas of the brain. |
| stimulants | are psychoactive drugs that induce temporary improvements in either mental or physical functions or both. |
| hallucinogens | a drug that cause hallucinations |
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