4911112
Description
Flashcards by Dale George, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Dale George
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Name the 3 sub atomic particles | PROTONS, NEUTRONS AND ELECTRONS |
| 2. Which 2 are in the nucleus? | PROTONS AND NEUTRONS |
| 3. Which 2 are charged? | (PROTONS AND ELECTRONS) |
| 4. Where are the electrons? | (IN SHELLS/ENERGY LEVELS ORBITING THE NUCLEUS) |
| 5. What number on the periodic table tells you the number of protons? | ATOMIC/PROTON NUMBER |
| 6. What sum do you do to find the number of neutrons in an atom? | MASS NUMBER- ATOMIC NUMBER |
| 7. What is the symbol of limestone and what is it made of? | CaC03 (calcium carbonate) |
| 8. Formula when limestone thermally decomposes? | CaCO3 -> CaO + CO2 (calcium oxide + carbon dioxide) |
| 9. Formula when limestone reacts with sulphuric acid? | CaCO3 + H2SO4 -> CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O (calcium sulphate + carbon dioxide + water) |
| 10. Formula when calcium oxide reacts with water? | CaO + H2O -> Ca(OH)2 (calcium hydroxide) |
| 11. What happens when calcium hydroxide reacts with C02? | Calcium carbonate is produced |
| 12. What can limestone be used to make? | Cement - powdered limestone + powdered clay Concrete - sand + aggregate |
| 13. Disadvantage of quarrying? | 1. Ugly holes made 2. Processes like blowing up rock - noise and dust pollution 3. Destroys habitats 4. Transport from lorries - noise pollution 5. Waste materials make unsightly tips |
| 14. Disadvantages of making stuff from limestone | 1. Cement factories - dust pollution causes breathing problems 2. Energy needed to produce cement and quicklime from fossil fuels |
| 15. Uses and plus sides of limestones | 1. Provides housing and roads 2. In dyes, paints and medicines 3. Can be used to neutralise acidic soil 4. Can neutralise sulphur dioxide 5. Provides jobs 6. Land is restored after quarrying |
| Advantages of limestone | 1. Widely available and cheap 2. Looks attractive 3. Can be poured into moulds for concrete 4. Doesn't rot like wood 5. Can't be gnawed by insects 6. Doesn't corrode like other metals |
| What non metal element is used to displace a metal? | CARBON |
| Must the metal be more or less reactive than carbon? | LESS |
| What is an ore? | ROCK CONTAINING ENOUGH METAL TO MAKE IT ECONOMICAL TO EXTRACT |
| How do we extract metals which are more reactive than carbon? | ELECTROLYSIS |
| What are the 4 ions present when sodium chloride is electrolysed? | Na+ Cl- H+ OH- |
| Why does H+ go to the electrode instead of Na+? | HYDROGEN IS LESS REACTIVE |
| Why are alloys stronger than pure metals? | THE LAYERS CANNOT SLIDE OVER EACHOTHER |
| What is meant by native state? | WHEN UNREACTIVE ELEMENTS ARE FOUND AS THE METAL ITSELF |
| What is produced when iron oxide is displaced in the blast furnace? | CARBON DIOXIDE + IRON |
| Why are metals extracted my electrolysis so expensive? | THE PROCESS USES LARGE AMOUNTS OF ENERGY |
| As copper-rich ores are running out, we need to extract from low grade ores. Give two ways we do this? | BIO-LEACHING AND PHYTOMINING |
| Give two reasons we should recycle metals | EXTRACTION USES ENERGY, EXTRACTION USES LIMITED RESOUCRES, EXTRACTION DAMAGES THE ENVIRONMENT |
| What is wrong with iron from the blast furnace? | CONTAINS IMPURITIES WHIC MAKE IT BRITTLE |
| What is an alloy? | MIXTURE OF ELEMENTS WHERE AT LEAST ONE IS A METAL |
| Why are most metals alloys? | PURE METALS ARE TOO SOFT |
| What are the metals between groups 2 and 3 in the periodic table called? | TRANSITION ELEMENTS |
| Why are aluminium and titanium so useful | THEY HAVE LOW DENSITY AND ARE RESISTANT TO CORROSION |
| What does phytomining use to extract metals? | PLANTS |
| What are the stages of phytomining | PLANTS ABSORB COPPER. PLANTS ARE THEN BURNED TO PRODUCE ASH CONTAINING THE COPPER COMPOUND. THE COPPER IS THEN EXTRACTED |
| What are the stages of bio-leaching? | BACTERIA USES ENERGY FROM BONDS IN THE COMPOUND TO SEPARATE FROM THE ORE. LEACHATES HAVE COPPER WHICH CAN BE EXTRACTED |
| What is produced when carbonates react with acid? | CO2, SALT AND WATER |
| What is smelting? | When the ore is heated in a furnace |
| Why is more copper being extracted from ores with low percentage of copper compounds? | - It is more economical to do so - Copper ores are running out - There are not many high grade ores available |
| Why is the overall charge of an atom neutral? | Amount of electrons = amount of protons |
| Why are some elements in the same group? | They have the same number of electrons in the outer shell Similar properties |
| Why are noble gases in Group 0 unreactive? | They have a stable arrangement of electrons |
| Why is scrap iron used to displace copper? | It is more reactive Cheaper alternative |
| Feature of low carbon steel? | Easily shaped |
| Feature of high carbon steel? | Are hard |
| Feature of stainless steel | Resistant to corrosion |
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