Flashcards
Geog 306 Test 2
Cards in this deck (36)
- 1Avalanche triggers (5)skiing,
snowmobiling,
noise,
temp,
rain - 2Avalanche origins (4)fracture points,
poor bonded layers,
human triggers,
30-45 degree slopes - 3Avalanche types (2)loose snow (poor internal cohesion),
slab (most destructive, greatest energy, crushing, poor bonding btwn layers) - 4Avalanches (3)creep to >350km/h,
measure R1-R5 relative to path or D1-D5 destructive force,
highmarking - 5Erosion (3)can trigger rapid onset events,
movement of material by erosive agents and gravity,
most important type is coastal/soil/thermal - 6Erosion causes (2,4)natural physical processes,
human causes (ground disturbance, waterflow change, veg change, CC) - 7thunderstorms (8)40 000 daily,
100 lightning strikes/sec,
strong winds, rain, hail, lightning, tornadoes, waterspouts - 8thunderstorm life cycle (3)cumulus stage,
strong updraft in mature stage (cold air flows down and warm up),
dissipation (weak downdraft) - 9windshear and microbustlocal variation in windspeed vertical or horiz,
small downdraft moves in a way opposite of a tornado/ found in strong thunderstorms - 10supercell thunderstorms (3)isolated, powerful, intense,
rotating upward draft sustained for >6hrs,
can produce: tornadoes/ hailstones/ hurricane winds/ flashfloods,
40-50km area - 11winter weather types (6)major snowfall (>25cm/12hrs)
blowing snow (>40km/h winds, visibility <800m/3hrs)
blizzard (winds >40km/h, snow >4hrs)
lake effect snows (>20cm/12hrs)
ice storm (>6mm)
snow squall (>15cm/12hrs, <400 visibility/3hrs) - 12cyclonic storms (5)air mass rotating around low pressure core over warm tropical waters,
15% pop at risk,
counterclockwise in north,
saffir-simpson scale,
cone of influence (potential area for circulation, 30% chance outside) - 13cyclone stages (4)tropical disturbance,
tropical depression (<18m/s winds),
tropical storms (18-32m/s winds),
hurricane (>32m/s winds) - 14hurricane hazards (6)storm surge,
high winds,
heavy rain and flooding,
mold,
tornadoes,
warm water for energy source - 15cyclone physical process (4)absorbs atmos heat,
evaporates,
vapour cools, condenses, releases energy,
energy drives formation and propagation - 16tornadoes (3, 4)tornado alley 70% all/ >900/yr,
hazard components (low pressure, lifting, wind, debris movement),
enhanced fujita scale - 17flood hazards (8)CC,
monsoon,
snowmelt,
regional flood,
heavy rainfall,
ice jam,
storm surge,
flash flood - 18flood benefits (6)maintain wetlands,
soil fertility,
maintains river health,
recharge aquifers,
natural irrigation,
rejuvenate soils - 19flood distribution (6)floodplains,
coasts/deltas,
non permeable,
alluvial fans,
valley bottoms,
human settlement - 20flood components (7)lateral force,
bouyancy,
erosion,
sediment deposit,
drowning,
cold,
wetting/mold - 21Things we do to worsen floods (11)ignore history,
occupy floodplains,
increase settlement density,
anchor channels,
levee effect,
climate change,
urbanize,
insurance,
remove veg,
lack warnings,
dont update recurrence interval - 22wildfire (%, causes 6)85% human caused,
caused by: high winds, low humidity, drought, fire suppression, steep slopes, ignition source - 23Wildland Urban Interface Fire (WUIF)any fire located at or near the intermix zone of forest and urban development,
most dangerous - 24People who benefit from reconstruction in floodplains (6)govt,
contractors,
debris removal,
banks,
developers/realtors,
homeowners - 25drought (definition, measurements, distribution)any dry period which results in a water shortage,
measurement (Palmer Drought Severity Index, recurrence interval, deaths),
distribution (semi arid regions, subsistence, LDCs) - 26types of drought (4)meteorological (rainfall deficit loss of moisture/low precip),
hydrological (stream flow deficit impacts irrigation, hydro gen, river transport),
Agricultural (soil moisture deficit, poor yields/productivity),
famine (food deficit, econ collapse, erosion, degradation) - 27famine deaths and causes (5)deaths (starvation and disease),
causes (drought, political, pop pressures, poverty, enviro degradation) - 28ethiopia famine root causes and secondary causes1984-5,
unpredictable rain,
root causes (drought, civil war, govt ban travel, poverty),
secondary (on move, block story, lack trade, lack infrastructure, money, UN report, pop pressures) - 29Ethiopia never again mortality (3) and DRR (5)aid coordination,
prepositioning food aid,
early detection/ response,
DRR (food storage, diversification, water management, poverty alleviation, development) - 30disaster response cyclepre disaster risk reduction (DRR and emerg preparedness),
post disaster recovery (relief, rehabilitate, reconstruct) - 31Abramovitz (2)unnatural disaster paradigm (ecologically destructive practices, put selves in harms way),
humans create own disasters (DRR and BBB) - 32Disasters: window of opportunity (5)expose risks/vulnerabilities,
create political will,
$ for rebuilding,
desire to never experience again,
avoid recreating - 33Build Back Better (3)sustainable redevelopment,
reduce vulnerability (infrastructure, physical, econ, social, enviro, preparedness),
approach (vulnerability assessment, reconstruction planning, reconstruct) - 34BBB challenges (5)assumes community involvement,
is it always building?,
sometimes best to not build back,
define better,
time consuming - 35hurricane sandy (4)biggest atlantic hurricane,
25ft above sea level,
$50 bill damages,
gulf stream mixed with nor-eastern for superstorm - 36Sandy disaster increased by (10)underestimated damage,
didnt take seriously,
didnt evac soon enough,
hospitals failed,
lack responders,
transportation down,
power out,
pop density,
fire,
zoning issues
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- Flashcards on Geog 306 Test 2, created by Megan Bender on 22/03/2016.
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- Megan Bender
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