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Flashcards

Pulmonary cavities

Lou Clark Anatomy & SF2 Year 1 English 66 cards

Cards in this deck (66)

  1. 1What is the name given to the fascia between the internal surface of the thoracic cage and the pleura of the lungs?Endothoracic fascia
  2. 2What are the names given to the two layers of pleura surrounding the lungs and where do they meet?Parietal and visceral
    Meet at the root of the lungs
  3. 3Name the four surfaces of the parietal pleura.1. Cervical
    2. Mediastinal
    3. Diaphragmatic
    4. Costal
  4. 4Where does the cervical surface of the parietal pleura extend to?2-3 cm above the superior thoracic aperture to level of the 1st rib
  5. 5What is the name given to the potential space between the two layers of pleura surrounding the lungs?Pleural cavity
  6. 6Name the two pleural recesses.1. Costodiaphragmatic recess
    2. Costomediastinal recess
  7. 7Why is the left costomediastinal recess larger?Due to presence of cardiac notch.
  8. 8What are the three lines of pleural reflection?1. Sternal line -abrupt costal-mediastinal anteriorly
    2. Costal line -abrupt costal-diaphragmatic
    3. Vertebral line - gradual costal-mediastinal posteriorly
  9. 9What are the three borders of the lungs?1. Anterior
    2. Inferior
    3. Posterior
  10. 10At what level does the left lung and pleura pass laterally?A the fourth rib
  11. 11At what level to the pleura of the lungs reach the midclavicular line?8th rib
  12. 12At what level does the right lung and pleura pass laterally away from the sternum?6th rib
  13. 13At what level do the pleura of the lungs reach the midaxillary line?10th rib
  14. 14At what level do the pleura of the lungs reach the scapula line?12th rib
  15. 15Describe the course of the oblique fissure.Passes from T2 posteriorly to the level of the 6th costal cartilage anteriorly.
  16. 16Describe the course of the horizontal fissure.Passes from oblique fissure along 4th rib and costal cartilage anteriorly.
  17. 17How many lobes does the right lung have? Name them.Three
    1. Superior
    2. Middle
    3. Inferior
  18. 18Which lung is shorter and wider?Right lung
    Diaphragm dome is higher on right side.
  19. 19What is the name given to the thin process of superior lobe found below the cardiac notch?Lingula
  20. 20What is the name given to the region of the lungs where structures enter/exit?Hilium
  21. 21What vessel is usually superiormost in left hilium?Pulmonary artery
  22. 22What vessel is often superiormost in right hilium?Superior lobar bronchus
  23. 23What structures are usually found towards the posterior border of the hilium?Lobar bronchi
  24. 24How many pulmonary veins are often found at entering the hilium?Two:
    superior & inferior
  25. 25Where are the pulmonary veins usually located in the hilium of the lungs?Superior p.v. = anteriormost
    Inferior p.v. = inferiormost
  26. 26A what level does bifurcation of the trachea occur?At sternal angle (T4/T5)
  27. 27What major blood vessel indents the left lung?The descending and arch of the aorta (with some of the carotid artery superiorly).
  28. 28What nerve indents along the anterior part of the mediastinal surface of both lungs?Phrenic nerve.
  29. 29What nerve indents the superior part of the mediastinal surfaces of both lungs?Vagus nerve.
  30. 30What structures indent the mediastinal surface of the right lung?Brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava anterior to hilium.
    Inferior vena cava inferiorly.
    Azygos vein passing superiorly and posteriorly to hilium.
    Oesophagus posteriorly to hilium.
  31. 31What bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical?Right main bronchus.
  32. 32What is the name given to secondary bronchi?Lobar bronchi
  33. 33What is the name given to tertiary bronchi?Segmental bronchi
  34. 34What do the tertiary bronchi supply?Bronchopulmonary segments.
  35. 35List the order of bronchi branches.1. Main bronchi
    2. Lobar bronchi
    3. Segmental bronchi
    4. Terminal bronchioles
    5. Respiratory bronchioles
    6. Alveoli ducts
    7. Alveoli
  36. 36How many branches of terminal bronchioles arise per segmental bronchus?20-25
  37. 37At what level do the pulmonary arteries arise from the pulmonary trunk?Sternal angle T4/T5
  38. 38Describe the position of the pulmonary arteries within the lung in relation to the main bronchi.Posterolateral
  39. 39Describe the position of the segmental arteries in relation to the segmental bronchi.Anterior
  40. 40How is blood drained from the bronchopulmonary segments?Intrasegmental veins drain blood into intersegmental veins in the septa between the segments.
  41. 41How is blood drained from the parietal pleura?Systemic veins in the thoracic wall.
  42. 42How is blood drained from the visceral pleura?Drains into pulmonary veins.
  43. 43Where do left bronchial arteries arise from?Thoracic aorta.
  44. 44Where might right bronchial arteries arise from?1. Superior posterior intercostal artery
    2. Common trunk from thoracic aorta with 3rd post. intercostal artery
    3. A left superior bronchial artery
  45. 45What structure do the bronchial arteries supply before the bronchi?Superior oesophagus
  46. 46What does the right bronchial vein drain into?Azygos vein
  47. 47What does the left bronchial vein drain into?Hemi-azygos vein and left superior intercostal vein.
  48. 48Where is the superficial lymphatic plexus of the lungs located?Deep to the visceral pleura.
  49. 49What does the superficial lymphatic plexus of the lungs drain?Lung parenchyma and visceral pleura.
  50. 50What does the superficial plexus of the lungs drain into?Bronchopulmonary (hilar) lymph nodes at the hilium of the lungs.
  51. 51Where is the deep lymphatic plexus of the lungs located?In the submucosa of the bronchi and in peribronchi connective tissue.
  52. 52What does the deep lymphatic plexus of the lungs drain?Structures that form the root of the lung.
  53. 53What does the deep plexus of the lungs drain into?Pulmonary lymph nodes along the lobar bronchi, then into the bronchoplumonary lymph nodes at the hilium.
  54. 54What does lymph from the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes drains into?Superior and inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes.
  55. 55Where are the tracheobronchial lymph nodes located?Superior and inferior to the bifurcation of the trachea.
  56. 56What does lymph from the tracheobronchial lymph nodes drain into?Bronchomediastinal lymph trunks.
  57. 57Where do the bronchomediastinal lymph trunks terminate?Venous angles (junction of subclavian vein and internal jugular).
    Right= right lymphatic duct
    Left = thoracic duct
  58. 58What does lymph from the parietal pleura drain into?Lymph nodes of the thoracic wall:
    intercostal, parasternal, mediastinal, phrenic (some axillary from cervical part).
  59. 59Where do the nerves of the lungs and visceral pleura arise from?The pulmonary plexus: anterior and posterior (mainly) to the roots of the lungs
  60. 60What nerves contribute to the pulmonary plexus?Vagus nerves (CN X) = parasympathetic
    Sympathetic fibres from sympathetic trunk
  61. 61What is the effect of CN X on the bronchi?Bronchoconstrictor
  62. 62What is the effect of CN X on the pulmonary veins?Vasodilator
  63. 63What is the effect of CN X on the glands of the bronchi?Cause secretion = secretomotor
  64. 64What is the effect of the sympathetic fibres on the bronchi?Inhibitory = bronchodilator
  65. 65What is the effect of the sympathetic fibres on the pulmonary vessels?Vasoconstrictor
  66. 66What is the effect of the sympathetic fibres on the alveolar glands?Inhibitory.

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Year 1 Anatomy & SF2 Flashcards on Pulmonary cavities, created by Lou Clark on 24/03/2016.
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Lou Clark
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