Flashcards
CRIM 321
Cards in this deck (34)
- 1The Fiscal Impact of Changes to Eligibility for Conditional Sentences of Imprisonment in Canada ArticleConsequences of changing the eligibility for conditional sentecnes imprisonment in Bill C10
1. offenders would no longer be eligible for CSI 2. lots will be acquitted with no supervision, 3. less amount of supervision 4. costs will rise significantly (137 million provincial, 8 million federal) - 2Preventing Sexual Exploitation of Children & Youth ArticleFactors that influence sexual exploitation (1. sexual, physical or emotional abuse 2. alcohol or drug abuse 3. poverty or unemployment 4. low self-esteem 5. mental health, etc)
Who are the proprietors of sexual exploitation (victims parents, extended family, circle of friends,"johns")
Impacts of sexual exploitation (1. physical sexual violence and injury 2. sexual diseases 3. addiction and abuse of drugs and alcohol 4. emotional and mental health problems) - 3Daphne Bramham: Medical detectives rescue Surrey and Abbotsford's human-trafficking victims Articlemost health care professionals don’t know enough about human trafficking to recognize the red flags, let alone ensure the victims get the care they need or the support they need to go to the police.
forensic nurse examiners and its goals is to ensure that victims are identified, the necessary medical evidence is gathered to legal standards and that the victims get proper care in hospital and the aftercare they need.
victims now feel they have the support to go through the daunting court process - 4Opposition mounts to ‘Wet Housing’ Complex ArticleWet housing (tenants are allowed to continue with drug use etc)
Those against the building's construction feel that there are too many elementary schools and senior villages nearby, which could become new targets for crime
by Toronto's definition of success, over 80% of people admitted into shelters are... successful
new housing projects will be seen as a 'safe zone,' or a 'drug haven' for addicts to live out their addictions - 5Medicine Hat has almost ended homeless by giving homeless people the keys to their own apartments ArticleIn 2009, Medicine Hat launched an ambitious five-year plan to eliminate homelessness based on the “housing first” principle.
focus was on quickly moving people experiencing homelessness into independent and permanent homes. Once vulnerable people were in a place of their own, the underlying factors that led to homelessness would be addressed, and additional supports would be provided as needed - 6Assessing Housing and Related Supports for Persons Living with Mental Health Problems and Illnesses ArticlePeople with serious mental illness often live in poverty and are put at increased risk of homelessness or of living in inadequate housing
As the prevalence of mental health problems is exponentially higher among the homeless population compared to the general population10, shelters become a last resort option for many people living with mental illness who are homeless
people living with mental illness are also vulnerable to being stuck in arrangements that are mismatched to their needs
520,700 people living with mental illness are inadequately housed in Canada and among them, as many as 119,800 are homeless
Canada offers very low levels of assistance - 7EXPLORING CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND THE ABORIGINAL HEALING PARADIGM ArticleGAINING THE RELATIONAL LENS
Rational Lens (When you look through it, it changes how you see almost everything)
aboriginal teachers would often turn to me and ask “How can we accept your justice system when our world-view is so completely different?
When the Elder had pointed out the window to the bush as the source of law, it was not things he directed me towards, but relationships
C. RE-DEFINING 'THE CRIME'
Another case. A woman was walking down the street in her town when an angry, muttering stranger suddenly veered towards her, grabbed her purse and ran. She was not hurt, but she no longer felt safe on the streets of her own
community. She worried that every man coming her way might turn out to be another attacker. Under the relational lens, the real crime was against her relationship with the streets of her neighbourhood
D. 'JUSTICE' WITHIN THE RELATIONAL PARADIGM
For one thing, our system shows an almost fanatical determination to focus on acts alone
CJS seems to believe that individuals can simply choose to alter their behaviour - 8C.A.R.E(C)onsider the Red Flags
(A)sses the health care environment, the patient, the health care provider
(R)espond by making a referral to forensic nursing series
(E)valuate - 9Vicarious Trauma"the cumulative transformative effect on the helper of working with survivors of traumatic life events"
affects everyone
Personal-Psychological (identify triggers that may cause you to experience vicarious trauma) (obtain therapy if personal issues and past trauma get in the way)
Personal-Social (engage in social activities outside of work) (emotional support from firmly and friends) - 10John Horne Presentationmunicipal role in crime prevention (goal is how citizens connect themselves in the public whelm) (Rule: seek compliance) (want to minimize impact of bad choices by social housing, CPTED, etc)
- 11Social Housingaimed at homeless population
reduce homelessness
people get stuck being homeless if o the stress more than 1 year
Long term veterans (anchor all the public disorder) (Have a culture) (if you get them off the streets the culture will be compromised)
Geographical strategy (spread out the houses through nanaimo)
"the less you know, the more fearful you will become" - 12Define Deterrence"influencing by fear"
- 13General Deterrenceaims to have an impact on more than the single offender
a punishment on one offender hopefully serves as an example to other offenders and potential law violators
Fits into primary prevention - 14Specific Deterrenceefforts that keep the individual offender from violating the law again in the future
fits into tertiary prevention - 15Requirement for deterrence3 factors (severity, certainty, and celerity)
severity (making certain that punishment provide enough pain to offer the pleasure received form the criminal cat)
Certainty (the chances of being caught and punished for ones behaviour)
Celerity (to the swiftness of the societal response - 16Brutalization effectstates conducting more executions will see an increase in homicides
- 17Predicting future offending1. clinical prediction (based on a raters evaluation of an individual, after interviews and direct examination of the subject on his or her records)
2. actuarial prediction (making predictions based on known parameters in the data) - 18Risk Factors and Predictionrisk factors are indicators of who may become deviant in the future
Physical abuse and neglect predicted later participation in criminal activity
Influence of peers is viewed as one of the most important factor involved in adolescent behaviour
Community influences (economic deprivation, poor neighbourhood integration)
Biological Factors (low birth weights, drug use will pregnant, poor nutrition) - 19Define Situational Preventionrests on the idea that it is possible to make changes in the environment that will make offending less attractive to potential offenders
- 20Theoretical Basis on Situational Crime PreventionRational choice, routine activities, crime pattern theory
RC (offenders respond to opportunities and make choices in offending)
RAT (dail activities of individuals result in the convergence of motivated offenders with suitable targets i the absence of guardians) - 21observations of SCP1. is applicable to personal offences
2. successfully demonstrates the effectiveness of programs that target effort, risk, and reward, and the use of guilt and shame
3. much evidence on displacement and diffusion - 22Drug use in society and among offending populations- drug use is difficult to gauge because of private behaviour
- most prevalent drug is alcohol in high school
- illicit drug use is not as widespread as the media portrays
- drug use was very common among arrestees
- cocaine and marijuana is the post prevalent - 23The Drugs-Crime ConnectionDrug Use --> Crime
Crime --> Drug Use
Crime <----> Drug use
Crime <-- Other Factors --> drug use - 24Prevention Programs and Drug use- aim to keep individuals from initially using drug use usually target juveniles
- cover a range of issues : factual info about drugs and their consequences, building of self-esteem, how to handle peer pressure, etc. - 25Resistance Skills TrainingD.A.R.E
involves a set of ideas with recognizing problematic situations, dealing with peer pressure, knowing proper responses to temptations, building self esteem, etc
impact of this is mixed - 26ways of changing misconduct is schools1. School Atmosphere
2. Conflict Management/Resolution
3. Peer Pressure (G.R.E.A.T) (targets peer pressure and the tendency for some youths to turn to gangs) - 27Police in Schools- provide mentoring and referrals
- trained teachers and parents
- taught programs such as DARE
- chaperoned school events - 28Specific Deterrence and imprisonmentNo clear results because of:
there is no control for the types of treatment perceived by the subjects
longer periods of imprisonment are related to more serious offences, longer offence histories, behaviour in the institution - 29Incapacitationmay not deter from future criminal acts, but it does keep subjects from committing more crimes while they are instituted
- 30Electronic Monitoringuse of EM is because of the growth of and problems encountered by the prison system in US, and technology advancements in the last 20 years
- 31The "What works" argumentthe key to making effective interventions is matching the appropriate subjects to the proper treatment
tertiary crime prevention can only be achieved in a limited way - 32Restorative Justiceseeks to repair the harm that was done to both the victim an the community
an assumption that the offender can be "repaired" or can benefit from this process
is all about relationships - how relationships are harmed by crime and how they can be rebuilt to promote recovery and healing for ppl affected by crime - 33Types of RJ1. Victim-Offender Mediation (victim and offender are brought together to discuss a wide range of issues)
2. Family Group Conferencing
3. Sentencing Circles (North Americna indian process that invite all interested parties to participate in determine the appropriate sanctions for offenders) - 34—
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- Flashcards on CRIM 321 , created by Devin Cusson on 13/04/2016.
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- Devin Cusson
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