5158488
Description
Flashcards by Hayley Harrison, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Hayley Harrison
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Mangrove Ecosystem Dynamics | -estimating biomass: looking at different components as a whole -due to carbon fluxes, mangroves provide good provisions for fisheries |
| Types of Production | -gross primary production: energy as biomass from primary producers -net primary production: rate at which plants produce net energy -net ecosystem production: different between GPP and respiration |
| Estimating Forest Productivity | |
| Wood-Associated Carbon Flow | |
| Mangrove Development | -mangroves can develop in different geomorphical settings |
| Humans and Mangroves | -options for utilization: retain and harvest, convert -subsistence: operating outside the cash economy, use of trade other than sale -cash economy: exploitation of species, dependent on mangrove health |
| Mangrove Forest Management | -problems: insufficient stake on land, damaged trees, poor strategy, acidification, deoxygenation -ecosystem services: storm protection, outwelling of carbon, biomass increase, carbon sequestration |
| Felling Management | -3 management schemes: 20/30 year (no thinning), 30/40 year (natural regeneration), 20 year (replant) |
| Coral Reefs | -rapid-growing early colonizers, slower-growing long-lived, massive forms, interspecific competition -home to 25% of marine species -reef health: a balance between growth and bioerosion (coral feeders, borers) |
| Coral Bleaching | -stress response causing the breakdown of symbiosis -bleaching may have selective advantages |
| Crown of Thorns Starfish | -outbreaks cause: removal or loss of predators -loss of species diversity: corals and fish |
| Types of Coastal Ecosystem | -coastal environments: near-shore terrestrial, intertidal, benthic, pelagic -unique in their steep graduation of conditions -coastal development: loss of communities and resources -artificial reefs: remove pressures |
| Direct Coastal Ecosystem Goods and Services | -food -recreation and leisure/scenic value -medicines and cosmetics -fuel and energy -education and information |
| Indirect Coastal Ecosystem Goods and Services | -climate regulation -nutrient cycling -flood and storm protection -bioremediation of waste -biologically mediated habitat -resilience and resistance -all have values that must be considered before development |
| Anti-fouling Paints | -increased input of heavy metals and biocides/organotins -causes: shell malformation, imposex and intersex individuals, reduced infection resistance, TBT in the food chain via marine mammals |
| Algal Reefs | -build by calcerous (coralline) algae -ecosystem architecture: benthic assemblage, lower canopy, midwater and surface canopy -threats: overgrazing, eutrophication/pollution, storms, invasive species, disease |
| Reef Community Dynamics | |
| Bait Collection | -"the collection of animals to be used as sea fishing bait" -methods: hand digging, bait pump, hand collection, dragging, dredging -habitat impacts: sediment disturbance, increased bioavaialbility of heavy metals |
| Fjord Ecosystems | -a narrow inlet formed by glacial scouring, usually U-shaped, often deeper than nearby ocean -high stratification, steep profile, high freshwater input -sampling: transects, quadrats, ROV, baited video |
| Fjord Profile | |
| Fjord Seasonal Variation | |
| Temperate Reefs | -reef structure/morphology important to communities -highly productive autotrophs -"wall of mouths" -controlled by a variety of bio-physical variables (exposure, temperature, productivity) |
| Kelp Forest Food Web | |
| Zonal Vegetation Worldwide | |
| Azonal Vegetation | -defined by abiotic factors (geomorphology, hydrologic dynamics, biotic feedbacks, distrbance agent) across climactic gradients -types: coastal vegetation (hard and soft coast) |
| Coastal Dune | -intense wind, sand, salt spray, heterogeneity -zonation (sequence of vegetation types in space) -succession (sequence of vegetation types in time) |
| Sand Dunes |
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