52061
Description
Flashcards by seher.islay, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by seher.islay
about 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Leaf Adaptation | 1. more chloroplast found on the upper layers of the leaf 2. Leaf is thin to allow efficient diffusion of substances across the leaf 3. Guard cells contain chlorophyll so that they can photosynthesis and produce sucrose 4. vascular bundles in every leaf. Xylem and phloem. 5. cells of the leaf contain chlorophyll in the chloroplast which traps sunlight to carry out photosynthesis 6. the topmost layer is the upper epidermis which is made of transparent cells to allow sunlight to pass through and reach the other cells with chloroplasts |
| Cellular Respiration | Process of transferring energy present in organic compounds to a form useable by cells, typically ATP. |
| Limiting Factors of Photosynthesis | -Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration (CO2) and temperature |
| Rubisco | Most abundant protein on the planet. Rubisco is important biologically because it catalyses the primary chemical reaction by which inorganic carbon enters the biosphere. Implications (suggestion/association) for biotechnology. |
| Anabolic | The phase of metabolism in which simple substances are synthesised into the complex materials of living tissue. |
| Catabolic | The metabolism breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, often resulting in a release of energy. |
| Endosymbiotic Theory | A hypothesis about the origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts, which are organelles of eukaryotic cells. |
| Aerobic Respiration | Breakdown of glucose to simple inorganic compounds in the presence of oxygen and with release of energy that is transferred to ATP. |
| Anaerobic Respiration | Form of respiration occurring in the absence of oxygen in which glucose is broken down to smaller compounds, such as lactate, with release of energy that is transferred to ATP. |
| What is the hypothesis? | If the colour of light is most absorbed by the spinach leaves, then the rate of photosynthesis will proceed faster. |
| What is the independent variable (IV)? | Colour of light |
| What is the dependent variable (DV)? | Rate of photosynthesis. |
| Controlled variables? | Amount of spinach leaves, amount of bicarbonate solution and time of experiment |
| Strengths of the experiment? | Control set up, valid data recorded, use of time during the duration of experiment. |
| Limitations of the experiment? | The experiment was not repeated, human error and not being able to use bright sunlight. |
| Suggested Improvements? | Appropriate times need to be set for the repeat of the experiment, being sure of the day of the experiment, to make sure adequate sunlight is available for the duration of the experiment. |
| Photosynthesis | Process by which plants use the radiant energy of sunlight trapped by chlorophyll to build carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water. |
| Photosynthesis Equation | 6CO2 + 12H2O -light/chlorophyll---> C6H12O6 +6O2 + 6H2O |
| Leaf Anatomy (Chloroplast) Includes? | Granum, Thylakoid membrane, Thylakoid space, DNA, Stroma, inner membrane, outer membrane, ribsomes |
| Define Light Dependent | Reactions in photosynthesis that occur in the grana of chloroplasts and result in light energy being converted to chemical energy. |
| Location for Light Dependent | Within the grana of chloroplasts |
| Inputs for Light Dependent | H2O, light, NADP + ADP + Pi |
| Outputs for Light Dependent | O2, NADPH, ATP |
| Define Light Independent | The second series of reactions in photosynthesis, occur in the stroma of chloroplasts and follow light-dependent reactions; involve carbon dioxide fixation and the production of carbohydrate; called the Calvin Cycle. |
| Location for Light Independent | Inside the stroma of chloroplasts |
| Input for Light Independent | CO2, NADPH, ATP |
| Outputs for Light Independent | C6H12O6, H2O, NADP, ADP + Pi |
| Chloroplast | Chlorophyll containing organelles that occur in the cytosol of cells of specific plant tissues. |
| Pigments | Molecules that absorb specific wavelengths of light and reflect all others. |
| Absorption Spectra | A spectrum of radiant energy whose intensity at each wavelength is a measure of the amount of energy at that wavelength that has been passed through a selectively absorbing substance. |
| Action Spectra | The rate of a physiological activity plotted against wavelength of light. |
| Chlorophyll | Green pigments required for photosynthesis that traps the radiant energy of sunlight. |
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