5216191
Description
Flashcards by Fffv Vvvvg, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Fffv Vvvvg
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Juxtaposition | Two things placed together with contrasting effect |
| Assonance | Repetition of vowel sounds to create internal rhyming |
| Tripartite repetition | Three successive words used to express an idea. |
| Consonance | The repetition of consonant sounds in short succession |
| Double inverted commas | "..." - for methapors, light-hearted tone, visual device |
| Gerund | Words ending on -ing |
| Vernacular | Formal language |
| Colloquial | Informal language (used to establish a friendly relationship with the reader) |
| Passification | Object first |
| Empathic | Empathy, sensitive |
| Rhetoric question | Any question used to persuade (challenges the reader, makes on thinks) |
| Anecdote | Short personal story (create relationship between reader and writer, more accessible, informal tone) |
| Sonnet | 14 line long poem |
| Ballad | ABAB rhyme scheme, lines of four and three beats, often telling a story |
| Witty | Inventive, verbal humour |
| Lexis | Total stock of words |
| Epizeuxis | Repetition of words in immediate succession |
| Symbolism | Object resembles something greater than its own meaning |
| Anagnorisis | The point in a plot where a character recognizes the true state of affairs |
| Allegory | One thing meaning another |
| Dramatic irony | Audience knows the plot of the story but characters do not |
| Ekphrasis | A vivid, graphic, or dramatic written description of another visual form of affairs |
| Ambiguity | Open to different interpretations |
| Didactic tone | Tone used to give information/advice |
| Metonymy | Replacing the name of a thing with a related concept |
| Synecdoche | Replacing the name of a thing for any one of its parts |
| Anaphora | Repetition of the same word at the beginning of successive sentences |
| Epiphora | Repetition of the same word at the end of successive sentences |
| Zeugma | Word is used in two ways at the same time |
| Anthropomorphism | Animal does something humans can only do |
| Carnavalesque | Mocking or satirical challenge to authority or the traditional social hierarchy |
| In Medias Res | Story that starts in the middle of the action |
| Pathos | Emotion |
| Verisimilitude | Work has resemblance with reality |
| Ploce | The repetition of a single word for rhetorical emphasis |
| Conduplicatio | The repetition of a words or words |
| Expolitio | Repetition of the same idea, changing its words or delivery |
| Quaestitio | A run of questions asked in succession |
| Rogatio | Asking a question followed by an immediate answer |
| Preposition | A word class that tells us where, when and how events take place |
| Possessive pronoun | Tell us who the noun belong to |
| Context | The beliefs, intentions and knowlegde of text producers that determine the text but also the way it is understood by the reader |
| Pattern-forming | Making a particular feature (visual, sound) stand out through repetition |
| Pattern-breaking | Making a particular feature stand out through emphasising its difference (used to seek attention |
| Minor sentencing | An incomplete sentence that still conveys meaning (used to create a dramatic mood and a relationship through informal language) |
| Synthetic personalisation | When the text fakes an artificial relationship with the reader |
| Scesis onomation | Series of successive synonymous words |
| Synonymia | Repetition to add force or explain a term |
| Epimone | Dwelling on or returning to one's strongest argument |
| Second person pronoun | You (the effect of making the reader feel as if it is directed especially to him) |
| Inclusive sentencing | Uses 'we' and 'us'to group the readers of the text in with the producers of the text (creates an impression of belonging and safety) |
| Imperative clause | Used to tell someone to do something ("click here" or "order now") |
| Lexis | The words themselves (shows what type of audience the text is aimed at) |
| Semantic fields | Groups of words whose meaning is related by theme |
| Head word | A word class within the phrase that gives it a bigger identity (often noun --> zelfst. nmw) |
| Clause | A group of words containing a subject and a verb |
| Declarative clause | Clauses that convey information (start with the subject of the clause) |
| Imperative clause | Commands which are directed towards another person (start with verb) |
| Interrogative clause | Questions which can be open or closed |
| Exclamative clause | Clause that starts with w/h-prhase and ends with an exclamation mark |
| Compound sentences | Sentences consisting of two or more clauses linked by 'or', 'but' or 'and' |
| Anchoring | The meaning of an image is fixed by adding words to support it |
| Anchoring effect | The common human tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information offered |
| Text-image cohesion | A meaningful relationship between visual and written codes |
| Orthography | The way in which words are spelled |
| Graphology | The study of handwriting that conveys something about the writter (can create intimacy, or make words stand out). Writers often make use of shared knowledge when using graphological function features (colours have acquired symbolic meaning). |
| Paralinguistic features | Non-verbal behaviour and body features that convey meaning beyond words (pitch, tone, quality of voice) - e-discourse have replaced these paralinguistic features for punctuation marks |
| Interactional language | Language used to maintain social relationships |
| Transactional language | Language used to carry out business |
| Adjacency pair | Term used to describe the consecutive set of turns where the second answers the first |
| Side sequences | Diversions from the original question before it is finally answered |
| Transition relevance point | Moments when the conversational floor can be taken up by a different participant |
| Speaker support devices | Devices used to show interest and maintain coversation (yeah, hmh) |
| Hedge device | Device used to soften what we say or write to remain polite and less direct |
| Tag question | A brief question that comes at the end of a statement to ask if the statement is correct |
| Filler words | Words that act as a delay mechanism (uh, uhm, er) |
| Elliptical construction | Constructions in which words are left out of a sentence but the sentence can still be understood (for economic reasons) |
| Deictic expression | A phrase that points to the time, place or situation in which a speaker is speaking |
| Discourse markers | Words used to connect what we say or express attitude (well, anyway, okay, to begin with, often) |
| Positive politeness strategy | Avoiding giving offenses by highlighting friendliness and trying to make the hearer feel good (through: juxtaposing criticism with compliments, nicknames, common ground, tag questions, slang) |
| Negative politeness strategy | Avoiding giving offences and imposition on the hearer by showing deference (through: questioning, hedging, and presenting disagreements such as opinion) |
| William Labov's narrative driven theory | Speaking structures follow the same narrative --> Abstract (signal that one is about to speak) + Orientation (signalling the ‘who’, ‘where’ and ‘when’) + Complicating action (the main events) + Resolution (completing the events) + Coda (a signal the narrative has come to an end) |
| Evaluations | Coming out of the main story to provide one's opinion |
| Problem-solution discourse | Seen in instruction manuals, horoscopes and editorials |
| Presenting ideas in binary opposition | A technique that places ideas or language structures in direct contrast to each other |
| Idealogy | A set of beliefs that governs the way we think about the world |
| Letter homophone | Using a letter because it sounds the same as part of the word |
| Euphony | Harmonious sounding of words |
| Cacopohony | Discordance and harsh sounding of words |
| Simile | Comparison of one thing with another things of different kind to make the description more vivid (As tall as a giraffe) |
| Metaphor | Comparison in which one thing is said to be another |
| Hyperbole | Exaggeration that cannot be true |
| Personification | Giving human qualities to non-human things |
| Onomatopoeia | A word with the same sound as its referent |
| Idiom | Group of words whose meanin is not understood from their literal meaning (After a soccer game my team was on cloud 9) |
| Allusion | Reference to famous person, place or event (the gold medal winer was a Cinderella story) |
| Oxymoron | A phrase whose words contradict each other with opposite meanings |
| Antithesis | Contrast |
| Parenthesis | "(...)" - used to clarify or for mocking purpose |
| Bastial imagery | Give people animal-like qualities |
| Epithet | A characterizing word of phrase firmly associated with a person or thing and often used in place of an actual name |
| Chiasmus | A reversal in the order of words in in two otherwise parallel phrases, as in “He went to the country, to the town went she.” |
| Circular argument | Obvious answer |
| Apotheosis | The climax |
| Pun | A humerous play on words to suggest a different meaning |
| Anachronism | Something that is historically inaccurate |
| Archaic | Language that is old-fashioned |
| Caricature | A character described through the exaggeration of a small number of features one possesses |
| Fable | A short stroy that present a clear moral lesson |
| Paradox | A statement that appears contradictory, but when considered more closely is seen to contain truth |
| Rhetoric | The art of writing in such a way as to persuade an audience to a particular point of view |
| Soliloquy | When a character in a play speaks his thoughts aloud |
| Visual code | non-verbal language |
| Vague expression | An expression that is deliberately imprecise used to maintain relationships in informal context |
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